“서로를 향한 깨지지 않는 우정”: 새뮤얼 리처드슨과 18세기 여성 우정론
“An Inviolable Friendship for Each Other”:Samuel Richardson in the Eighteenth-Century Female Friendship Discourse
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This article investigates the meaning of female friendship in Samuel Richardson’s fictions. While the importance of female friendships in his works is widely acknowledged, their significance within the intellectual and literary history of the eighteenth century has rarely been examined. By situating Richardson’s works within the context of the emerging discourse on female friendship, I argue that he not only embraced this discourse, but also reconstructed it as a new literary archetype. Chapter 2 charts the transmission of male-centric notions of friendship from antiquity to the Renaissance, and then identifies the strategies used to legitimize friendships between women in the seventeenth century, particularly focusing on Katherine Philips’ poem “A Friend.” Chapters 3 and 4 explore the two main currents that shaped eighteenth-century female friendship discourse. Chapter 3 traces the genealogy of arguments that idealized and celebrated women’s friendships through the writings of Lady Mary Chudleigh, Mary Astell, and Sarah Scott, who argued for the building of the independent community of women. Chapter 4 focuses on eighteenth-century texts about the education of daughters, including Hester Mulso Chapone’s Letters on the Improvement of the Mind, to identify discussions that offered guidance on how to discern beneficial female friends. Chapter 5 examines the literary construction of female friendship in Richardson’s fictions, and reflects on its significance in the literary history of eighteenth-century England.
Abstract
This article investigates the meaning of female friendship in Samuel Richardson’s fictions. While the importance of female friendships in his works is widely acknowledged, their significance within the intellectual and literary history of the eighteenth century has rarely been examined. By situating Richardson’s works within the context of the emerging discourse on female friendship, I argue that he not only embraced this discourse, but also reconstructed it as a new literary archetype. Chapter 2 charts the transmission of male-centric notions of friendship from antiquity to the Renaissance, and then identifies the strategies used to legitimize friendships between women in the seventeenth century, particularly focusing on Katherine Philips’ poem “A Friend.” Chapters 3 and 4 explore the two main currents that shaped eighteenth-century female friendship discourse. Chapter 3 traces the genealogy of arguments that idealized and celebrated women’s friendships through the writings of Lady Mary Chudleigh, Mary Astell, and Sarah Scott, who argued for the building of the independent community of women. Chapter 4 focuses on eighteenth-century texts about the education of daughters, including Hester Mulso Chapone’s Letters on the Improvement of the Mind, to identify discussions that offered guidance on how to discern beneficial female friends. Chapter 5 examines the literary construction of female friendship in Richardson’s fictions, and reflects on its significance in the literary history of eighteenth-century England.
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