초기 수사학 평론에서 흑인 인권운동 수사학 평론으로 변천하는 과정에 관한 연구:'통합과 주류의 수사학’에서 ‘대항과 갈등의 수사학’으로
A Study on the Transition from Early Rhetorical Criticism to Rhetorical Criticism of the Black Human Rights Movement: From ‘Rhetoric of Integration and Mainstream’ to ‘Rhetoric of Confrontation and Co
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참고문헌
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초록
이 논문은 양차 세계대전 전후 시작한 미국의 초기 수사학 평론의 태동 과정을 살피며 그것의 장·단점을 논의하고, 1960년대 흑인 인권운동에 관한 스피치 비평을 시작으로 비주류 집단의 대항과 갈등의 수사학 평론으로 전환하는 과정을 탐구한다. 첫째, 미국에서 초기 수사학 평론이 천착하는 정치·사회적 배경을 살피며 초기 수사학 평론의 역할과 한계를 논의한다. 둘째, 흑인 인권운동 관련 스피치 비평으로 전환하는 과정을 검토하며, 통치와 통합을 강조한 주류 연설가들의 초기 수사학 평론에서 비주류나 소수집단의 연설가를 다룬 대항과 갈등의 수사학 평론으로 전개되는 과정을 탐구하며 수사학 평론이 학문 분야로서 체계화되는 과정을 논의한다. 셋째, 대항과 갈등의 수사학 평론을 통해 지배적 담론과 주류 문화에 가려져 있는 소수자들의 스피치나 비주류 집단의 담론 연구가 민주주의의 관용성과 다원성에 끼치는 영향에 관해 논의한다. 마지막으로 대항과 갈등의 수사학 평론이 소수자나 반대파 시민의 권리와 권력 그리고 정체성에 끼치는 영향에 관해 논의한다. 1960년대 미국에서 전개된 대항과 갈등의 수사학 평론으로 전환은 수사학 평론의 목적과 지향점을 재고하는 기회를 제공하며 나아가 수사학 전반의 지평을 넓히는 결과를 가져왔다.
Abstract
This paper is to review the role of rhetorical criticism of Black Human Rights Movement in the U.S. It examines the strengths and limitations of the early rhetoric criticism studies before and after World War I and II, based on the political and social backgrounds. It argues that the rhetorical scholars of the US have developed rhetorical criticism as a new field of study, which goes beyond the rhetorical theory and practice of the European traditions and the Greco-Roman classics. It explores speech criticism of the Black Human Rights Movement in the late 1960s as rhetoric of confrontation and protest. It demonstrates that the early rhetoric criticism focuses on integration and mainstream in its analysis while rhetorical criticism of Black Human Rights Movement emphasizes civil rights, power and identity of ethnic minorities. It investigates the ethical aspects of rhetorical criticism in relation to tolerance and diversity in democracy. Finally, it concludes that rhetorical criticism of the confrontation and protest not only extends the objective and method of the rhetorical criticism, but also underlies the importance of the speech criticism in human inquiry.
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