미국 예비교사들의 반성적 사고의 특성 및 인식론적 신념과의 관계 분석
The Characteristics of American Pre-service Teachers’ Reflective Thinking and their Relationships with Epistemological Beliefs
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본 연구의 목적은 미국 예비교사들의 반성적 사고의 특징을 분석하고 그 특징들이 그들의 인식론적 신념 수준에 따라 차이가 있는지를 살펴보는 데 있었다. 이를 위해 미국 T 대학의 교사양성 프로그램에 등록된 예비교사들에게 인식론적 신념 검사를 실시하여, 수준에 따라 10명을 채택하였다. 그들의 현장 실습 경험에 관한 반성적 저널을 질적 분석하여 반성의 주제, 내용적 특징, 수준을 유형화하였다. 이 유형들이 인식론적 신념과 관련성이 있는지를 분석한 결과 반성의 주제에 있어서는 인식론적 신념 수준 간에 차이가 없었으나 반성의 내용적 특성인 반성의 초점, 학생 및 감독교사와의 권위 관계 인식, 내면고찰의 정도와 반성적 사고의 수준에 있어서는 부분적으로 차이가 있었다. 세련된 인식론적 신념을 가질수록 숙달목표 지향적 반성 초점과 보다 구체적인 문제 해결 방안을 제시하는 반성 수준을 보였으며, 학생 및 감독교사와의 관계를 보다 수평적으로 인식하는 경향이 있었다. 본 연구는 교사 교육 프로그램에서 반성적 사고력을 향상시키는 데 있어 예비교사들의 인식론적 신념 수준을 고려할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore American pre-service teachers’ reflection and itsrelationship with their epistemological beliefs (EB). The Epistemological Beliefs Inventory (EBI)was administrated to American students in the first semester of their undergraduate teacherpreparation program at the University of “T” and five students who recorded the highest scoresand five students at the lowest scores were selected for the study. Their reflective journalsdescribing critical incidents during their first internships were analyzed by categorizing themain topics, characteristics of contents, and levels of their reflection. Results revealed thatthere were differences between the high EB and low EB groups in terms of their focus ofreflection, awareness of authority issue with their students and their cooperative teachers, thedegree of their inner reflection about themselves, and the levels of their reflective thinking. The pre-service teachers who had sophisticated EB were more likely to write reflective journalsreflecting a mastery goal orientation and suggested more concrete and action-oriented solutionsto the described incidents. In addition, most of pre-service teachers in the high EB groupcriticized more often their cooperative teachers' approaches to teaching and classroommanagement, whereas pre-service teachers in the low EB group tended to be concerned aboutestablishing their authority as a teacher. This study can make a contribution to the researchon the teacher education by providing insights about the function of epistemological beliefs inreflective thinking processes.
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