‘예술가로서의 관객’ 참여문화 조성 연구: PNB의 호두까기 인형 공연과 발레학교 사례를 중심으로
Enhancing a Participatory Culture of Audience in Performing Arts: The Case of PNB's Nutcracker
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초록
다양한 관객과의 안정적인 관계는 공연예술단체가 수준 높은 공연예술을 지속적으로 제작하고 공급하는 데 필수적인 조건이다. 본 논문에서는 미국 워싱턴(Washington)주 시애틀에 소재한 퍼시픽 노스웨스트 발레단 (Pacific Northwest Ballet, PNB)과 산하의 PNB 발레학교의 호두까기 인형 발레 공연에 대한 사례연구를 중심으로 공연예술단체의 적극적인 관객관여(Audience Engagement)활동이 어떻게 다양한 양상의 관객참여를 이끌어내고 참여문화(Participatory Culture)를 조성하는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 관객개발 분야에서 많은 연구를 발표해온 브라운(Brown)과 노박-레너드(Novak-Leonard)의 예술참여 5가지 단계, 즉 ‘단순관람(Spectating)’, ‘강화된 관객관여 (Enhanced Engagement)’, ‘크라우드소싱(Crowdsourcing)’, ‘공동창조(Co-creation)’, 그리고 ‘예술가로서의 관객(Audience as Artist)’을 기본 틀로 삼아, PNB가 어떻게 다양한 관객참여의 양상에 전략적으로 대응하여, 단체의 안정적인 운영에 활용하는지 분석하였다. 결론적으로 지역사회에 기반을 둔 관객관여 프로그램 운영과 지역시민이 예술가로서 참여할 수 있는 공연작품의 제작이 관객의 참여문화 조성과 안정적인 공연예술단체 운영에 큰 역할을 하고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.
Abstract
Establishing a stable relationship with diverse audiences is an essential condition for any performing arts organization to sustainably produce and supply high quality performing arts. Incorporating a case study of The Nutcracker produced by Pacific Northwest Ballet (PNB) based in Seattle, Washington and the PNB Ballet School, an outreach subsidiary institution of PNB, this paper examines how a classical performing arts organization elicits active audience participation in its performing arts productions and cultivates a participatory culture of the audience. It uses Brown and Novak-Leonard’s (2011) Audience Involvement Spectrum (from Spectating, Enhanced Engagement, Crowdsourcing, Co-creation, to Audience as Artist) to analyze PNB’s audience engagement strategy. The findings confirm PNB’s outreach program, which includes operating an arts education institution, and producing a repertoire that allows amateur local audiences to function as artists in the performances played a significant role to cultivate a participatory culture of the audience and eventually to contributes to the organization’s sustainable operation.
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- "유니버설발레단 홈페이지"[URL]
- "PNB 홈페이지"[URL]