دين و فرزانگي: مقايسه حكمت سياسي چيني و ايراني-اسلامي

Abstract

Political wisdom in Chinese and Iranian-Islamic civilizations has evolved uniquely within their traditional contexts. In China, political thought is rooted in sagacity and moralism, with Confucius emphasizing moral governance and the ruler's virtue. Conversely, in Iran, political thought is based on myth, religion, and Sharia, with sovereignty justified by religious principles and divine legitimacy. These two approaches share the goal of organizing the relationship between political power and society, addressing each society's essential needs. Chinese political thought focuses on the moral education of rulers, while Iranian thought emphasizes divine legitimacy, with the ideal king possessing divine glory (Farr-e Izadi) and the infallible Imam guiding society. Comparing these types of political wisdom reveals that both have developed unique ways to maintain order and stability during crises. China's political thought flourished during political crises, leading to enduring theories, while in Iran and Islam, historical challenges have fostered dynamism and innovation. Despite their intellectual and philosophical differences, both civilizations have established stable political structures based on moral and religious principles. These types of political wisdom, addressing their times' needs, provide insights into the formation and evolution of political thoughts across cultures. A comparative study shows how each civilization has uniquely addressed political legitimacy and power's relationship with society, enhancing understanding of the interaction between religion, morality, and politics, and providing a basis for further research.