한나 아렌트와 ‘포스트 베스트팔렌’ 세계를 위한 사회 (간) 계약
Hannah Arendt and A Social Contract Theory for Post-Westpahlia
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본 논문의 목적은 포스트 베스트팔렌 세계(post-Westphalia)에 적합한 새로운 사회계약론의 필요와 그 새로운 내용을, 한나 아렌트(Hannah Arendt)의 ‘행위이론’(a theory of action)을 ‘사회 (간) 계약 이론’(social contract theory)으로 재구성해 살펴보는 것이다. 사회계약론의 (역사적) 관점에서 아렌트가 베스트팔렌 모델에 내재된 국가 주권의 절대성과 이와 연계된 정치에서 폭력의 요소를 ‘상호약속’(mutual promise)이란 개념을 통해 어떻게 거부하였는지, 어떻게 사회계약을 가상적인 협약의 영역에서 정치적 실천의 장으로 끌어내는 역할을 하였는지, 더하여 아렌트가 주장하는 ‘인민의 신격화’(혹은 신적 입법)에서 벗어난 ‘관계 맺기’로서의 계약론을 이해하는 방식이 어떻게 오늘날 포스트베스트팔렌 세계의 사회 간 계약에 더 적합한지 논의한다. 이를 통해 변화하는 시대에 적합한 새로운 시작을 위한 '실천적' 사회 계약론의 가능성을 모색한다.
Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to explore the need for a new social contract theory suitable for the post-Westphalia world and to reconstruct the contents of this new theory through Hannah Arendt’s ‘theory of action’. It examines how Arendt, from the perspective of social contract theory, rejected the absoluteness of state sovereignty and the element of violence associated with politics through the concept of ‘mutual promise’, and how her understanding of law as ‘relationship establishment’ that goes beyond the ‘sanctification of the people’ (or divine legislation) is more suitable for the social contracts of the post-Westphalian world. Furthermore, it discusses how Arendt transforms the concept of social contract from the realm of hypothetical agreements into a stage for political practice. Through these theoretical reconstructions it seeks to explore a new practical theory for social contract that is suitable for a new beginning in an ever-changing era.
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