본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

산업 및 조직 경험이 향후 조직 설립에 미치는 영향에 관한탐색적 문헌 연구 : 인적 자본과 사회적 자본을 중심으로

An Exploratory Literature Research on the Effects of Industrial and Organizational Experiences on Firm Founding: Focusing on Human and Social Capital

박지성
한국창업학회|2018.09|한국창업학회지 (Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity)|제13권 제5호|pp. 55-79|DOI 10.24878/tkes.2018.13.5.55

0

조회

0

다운로드

4

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

Social capital사회적 자본인적 자본Human capital조직 설립Organizational founding

초록

본 연구는 이미 한 조직에 속해 있는 구성원들이 제반 기회비용을 감내하면서도 해당 조직을 떠나 새로운 조직을 설립하는 이유를 설명하기 위하여 조직 설립 가능성에 영향을 미치는 요인으로서 개인이 지닌 산업 및 조직의 경험 정도에 주목하였다. 이를 위해 문헌연구를 바탕으로 자본 자체가 지닌 속성인 자본의 배타성과 자본의 재생산성이 조직 설립에 있어 어떻게 개인 간 차이를 가져오는 지에 대해서 살펴보았다. 아울러 잠재적 창업자가 가진 산업 경험 및 조직 내에서 형성한 경험들이 어떻게 자원과 자본 조달에 대한 불확실성과 경험과 정당성의 부족으로 인한 불리함들에 대한 인식을 약화시킴으로써 조직 설립의 가능성을 높이는지에 대해서도 논의하였다. 이러한 논의들을 바탕으로 향후 실증 연구와 연결될 수 있는 명제들을 제시하였다. 먼저 인적자본 측면에서 경험 및 지식의 축적성과 이전성에 주목하여 해당 산업에서의 총 근속년수가 길수록, 산업 내 총 이직횟수가 많을수록 조직 구성원이 새로운 조직을 설립할 가능성이 높을 것이라는 명제를 제안하였다. 또한 사회적 자본 측면에서는 대인관계를 통한 연결과 조직과의 연결에 주목하여 창업자들과 함께 한 근속년수가 길수록, 창업자를 배출한 조직에 소속되어 있을수록, 조직 설립의 가능성 역시 높아질 것이라는 명제를 제시하였다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 결론 부분에서는 본 연구가 가진 함의와 한계를 제시하였다.

Abstract

This study explores the reasons why organizational members quit their firms and found new firms despite overall opportunity costs. In particular, this study focuses on individuals' industrial and organizational experiences as the factors of firm founding. This study overviews how the characteristics such as exclusiveness and reproduction of capital per se influence the differences among individuals in firm founding. In addition, this paper examines how potential entrepreneurs' industrial and organizational experiences increase the possibilities of firm founding by mitigating the uncertainty related to procurement of resources and capital and the initial disadvantage due to the lack of experience and legitimacy when an individual decides firm founding. Based on the relevant literature review, this paper suggests several propositions. We classify individuals' human capital into total industry tenure reflecting as the accumulation of experiences and the number of job mobility as the proxy of transferability of firm-specific knowledge. Proposition 1 is that the longer the individual works in the relevant industries, the higher he or she will found the firm, and proposition 2 is that the more the individual move his or her firm, the higher he or she will found the firm. Moreover, we classify individuals' social capital into the tenure overlapped with prior founders as the proxy of interpersonal connection and affiliation of the firm which produce entrepreneurs as the proxy of the organizational effect. Proposition 3 is that the more the individual works with entrepreneurs, the higher he or she will found the firm, and proposition 4 is that when the individual belongs to an organization which produce entrepreneurs in the past, he or she will found the firm. Based on there propositions, the implication and limitations are discussed in the discussion.

참고문헌 (59)

  1. 노성여, "기업가정신과 사회적 자본이 창업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 메타분석", 한국창업학회지, 13(4), pp.140~165 (2018), 한국창업학회[DOI]
  2. 박길호, "중소기업 경영자의 기업가 특성이 성과에 미치는 영향", 한국창업학회지, 12(1), pp.16~34 (2017), 한국창업학회[DOI]
  3. Aldrich, H. E., "Handbook of Entrepreneurial Dynamics: The Process of Business Creation" (1986), Sage
  4. Bae, T. J., "The Relationship between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions : A Meta-analytic Review", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), pp.217~254 (2014)
  5. Barabasi, A. L., "Linked : The New Science of Networks" (2002), Perseus Publishers
  6. Becker, G., "Human Capital : A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education" (1964), Columbia University Press
  7. Bourdieu, P., "Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education" (1983), Greenwood
  8. Brockhaus, R. H., "Risk Taking Propensity of Entrepreneurs", Academy of Management Journal, 23(3), pp.509~520 (1980)
  9. Burgers, J. H., "The Contingent Effects of Differentiation and Integration on Corporate Entrepreneurship", Strategic Management Journal, 37(3), pp.521~540 (2015)
  10. Burt, R. S., "Structural Holes : The Social Structure of Competition" (1992), Harvard University Press
  11. Carland, J. W., "A Model of Potential Entrepreneurship : Profiles and Educational Implications", Journal of Small Business Strategy, 8(1), pp.1~14 (2015)
  12. Carroll, G. R., "The Career Dynamics of Self-employment", Administrative Science Quarterly, 32(4), pp.570~589 (1987)
  13. Carroll, G. R., "The Demography of Corporations and Industries" (2000), Princeton University Press
  14. Christensen, P. S., "Marketing and Entrepreneurship: Research Ideas and Opportunities" (1994), Quorum Books
  15. Coase, R. H., "The Nature of the Firm", Economica, 4(16), pp.386~405 (1937)
  16. Cohen, W. M., "Absorptive Capacity : A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation", Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), pp.128~152 (1990)
  17. Coleman, J., "Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital", Academy Journal of Sociology, 94(Supplement), pp.S95~S120 (1988)
  18. Cooper, A. C., "Technical Entrepreneurship : What do We Know?", Research and Development Management, 3(2), pp.59~64 (1973)
  19. Cooper, A. C., "The State of the Art of Entrepreneurship" (1992), PWS-Kent
  20. Davidsson, P., "The Role of Social Capital and Human Capital Among Nascent Entrepreneurs", Journal of Business Venturing, 18(3), pp.301~331 (2003)
  21. Davidsson, P., "Entrepreneurial Opportunities and the Entrepreneurship Nexus : A Re-conceptualization", Journal of Business Venturing, 30(5), pp.674~695 (2015)
  22. Dimov, D., "Towards a Qualitative Understanding of Human Capital Entrepreneurship Research", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 23(2), pp.210~227 (2017)
  23. Dobrev, S. D., "Organizational Roles and Transition to Entrepreneurship", Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), pp.433~449 (2005)
  24. Duchesneau, D. A., "A Profile of New Venture Success and Failure in an Emerging Industry", Journal of Business Venturing, 5(5), pp.297~312 (1990)
  25. Dyer, W. G., "Toward a Theory of Entrepreneurial Careers", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19(2), pp.7~22 (1994)
  26. Gartner, W. B., "Who is an Entrepreneur? Is It Still the Wrong Question", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 13(1), pp.47~68 (1989)
  27. Gartner, W. B., "Handbook of Entrepreneurial Dynamics : The Process of Business Creation" (2004), Sage
  28. Granovetter, M., "The Strength of Weak Ties", American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), pp.1360~1380 (1973)
  29. Granovetter, M., "Economic Action and Social Structure : The Problem of Embeddedness", American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), pp.481~510 (1985)
  30. Gupta, V. K., "A Process Perspective on Evaluating and Conducting Effectual Entrepreneurship Research", Academy of Management Review, 41(3), pp.540~544 (2016)
  31. Haveman, H. A., "The Ecological Dynamics of Careers : The Impact of Organizational Founding, Dissolution, and Merger on Job Mobility", American Journal of Sociology, 100(1), pp.104~152 (1994)
  32. Hills, G. E., "Opportunity Recognition : Perceptions and Behaviors of Entrepreneurs, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research" (1997), Babson College
  33. Hills, G. E., "Handbook of Entrepreneurial Dynamics: The Process of Business Creation" (2004), Sage
  34. Katz, J. A., "A Psychosocial Cognitive Model of Employment Status Choice", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(1), pp.29~37 (1992)
  35. Kogut, B., "What Do Firms Do? Coordination, Identity, and Learning", Organization Science, 7(5), pp.502~518 (1996)
  36. Lin, N., "Social Networks and Status Attainment", Annual Review of Sociology, 25(1), pp.467~487 (1999)
  37. Low, M. B., "Entrepreneurship : Past Research and Future Challenges", Journal of Management, 14(2), pp.139~161 (1998)
  38. Loury, G. C., "Women Minorities and Employment Discrimination" (1977), Health
  39. Martin, B. C., "Examining the Formation of Human Capital in Entrepreneurship", Journal of Business Venturing, 28(2), pp.221~224 (2013)
  40. Matthews, C. H., "Family Background and Gender : Implications for Interest in Small Firm Ownership", Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 7(4), pp.365~377 (1995)
  41. Matthews, C. H., "A Longitudinal Investigation of the Impact of Family Background and Gender on Interest in Small Firm Ownership", Journal of Small Business Management, 34(2), pp.29~44 (1996)
  42. Nahapiet, J., "Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage", Academy of Management Review, 23(2), pp.242~265 (1998)
  43. Pennings, J. M., "Human Capital, Social Capital, and Firm Dissolution", Academy of Management Journal, 41(4), pp.425~440 (1998)
  44. Phillips, D. J., "A Genealogical Approach to Organizational Life Chances : The Parent-Progeny Transfer among Silicon Valley Law Firms, 1946-1996", Administrative Science Quarterly, 47(3), pp.474~506 (2002)
  45. Portes, A., "Social Capital : Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology", Annual Review of Sociology, 24(1), pp.1~24 (1998)
  46. Putnam, R. D., "The Prosperous Community : Social Capital and Public Life", American Prospect, 4(13), pp.35~42 (1993)
  47. Ramoglou, S., "A Realist Perspective of Entrepreneurship : Opportunities as Propensities", Academy of Management Review, 41(3), pp.410~434 (2016)
  48. Schoonhoven, C. B., "The Entrepreneurship Dynamics : The Origins of Entrepreneurship and Its Role in Industry Evolution" (2001), Stanford University Press
  49. Schultz, T. W., "Investment in Human Capital", American Economic Review, 51(1), pp.1~17 (1961)
  50. Sexton, D. L., "The Entrepreneur : A Capable Executive and More", Journal of Business Venturing, 1(1), pp.129~140 (1985)
  51. Shane, S., "Prior Knowledge and the Discovery of Entrepreneurial Opportunities", Organization Science, 11(4), pp.448~469 (2000)
  52. Shane, S., "Network Ties, Reputation, and the Financing of New Ventures", Management Science, 48(3), pp.364~381 (2002)
  53. Shane, S., "Bringing Individuals Back In : The Effects of Career Experience on New Firm Founding", Industrial and Corporate Change, 12(3), pp.519~543 (2003)
  54. Shapero, A., "Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship" (1982), Prentice-Hall
  55. Stinchcombe, A. L., "Handbook of Organizations" (1965), Rand McNally
  56. Tsai, W., "Social Capital and Value Creation : The Role of Intrafirm Networks", Academy of Management Journal, 41(4), pp.464~476 (1998)
  57. Venkataraman, S., "The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research", Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, 3(1), pp.119~138 (1997)
  58. Weisz, N., "A Theoretical and Empirical Assessment of the Social Capital of Nascent Entrepreneurial Teams", Academy of Management Best Conference Paper (2004)
  59. Williamson, O. E., "Transaction-cost Economics : The Governance of Contractual Relations", Journal of Law and Economics, 22(2), pp.233~261 (1975)

관련 논문AI추천

중소기업 창업자의 사회적 자본이 창업의도와 기회발견에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구유왕진, 이승배한국창업학회 · 한국창업학회지2013 · 제8권 제1호시니어세대의 사회적자본과 지적자본이 창업의지에 미치는 영향길대호, 정화영경영경제연구소 · 아태비즈니스연구2019 · 제10권 제2호직장인의 기업가형 마인드셋이 창업의도에 미치는 영향: 사회적 자본을 매개, 유지-행동성향을 조절변수로박주영, 송창운한국벤처창업학회 · 벤처창업연구2020 · 제15권 제3호창업 전 기업가기질과 사회적 자본이 창업의도에 미치는 영향윤기창, 이재은한국유통과학회 · 산경연구논집2017 · 제8권 제6호창업자의 전략적 지향성과 사회적 자본의 역할손권상, 손동원, 허원창한국벤처창업학회 · 벤처창업연구2020 · 제15권 제1호창업가의 배태조직과 창업경험이 형성하는 창업기업의 핵심경영자원에 관한 연구: 한국의 바이오메디컬 산업을 중심으로김도연, 김연배, 송창현한국벤처창업학회 · 벤처창업연구2020 · 제15권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (8건)

창업초기기업의 기술사업화능력이 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구 : 제조업창업자 기술역량의 조절효과를 중심으로양동우, 박해근pp. 1-29금융업 종사자의 정서적 준비와 신뢰가 창업의도에 미치는 영향 : 사회적 네트워크의 매개효과를 중심으로정해주, 강경란pp. 30-54멘토의 조절초점과 창업멘토링 만족도의 관계 : 기업가적 지향성의 매개 효과강신형, 신중경, 김기호pp. 80-97매출채권관리의 국내외 연구동향과 연구방향하규수, 이승희, 이종갑pp. 98-138사회네트워크분석을 통한 시니어 기술창업교육참여자들의 네트워크 활성화 사례 연구고세욱, 박정선, 박상혁pp. 139-177
원문 보기