Якутские, эвенские и тунгусо-маньчжурские языковые параллели

Abstract

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the largest regions of the Russian Federation, where the representatives of almost all the languages entering into the genetic commonality of Altaic languages, live in harmony. This is a good foundation for the linguists who work at proving the genetic commonality of the Altaic languages. In the history of studying the Altaic languages, one of major places belongs to the Russian linguists. The works of the great researchers – Castrén, V.I. Tsintsius, O.P. Sunik, U.Sh. Boichur and many others – are well-known. Once they worked in close contact with the foreign Altaists such as G. Ramstedt, N. Poppe, K. Menges, G. Doerfer, et al. The solid theoretical and practical basis was created by the joint efforts of the Altaists of that time. At present, in the comparative historical research of languages, the Altaic studies have one of major places. The Tungusic-Manchurian and Turkic linguistic facts, which were insufficiently investigated before, are studied intensively. The preliminary analysis of our field research in the Ėven and Sakha languages show that the researchers, who considered the Altaic studies to be a genetic commonality of languages, were right. The comparative analysis of our materials shows: Sakha amsai means 1) ‘to taste (perceive flavour of)’; 2) ‘to taste (eat small amount of)’; 3) ‘to carry out a tasting (of)’. Ėven amtadai – 1) ‘to taste (perceive flavour of)’; 2) ‘to smell’; 3) ‘to feel’, ‘to sense’. Evenki amta – 1) ‘taste’; 2) ‘scent, flair, feeling (for)’. Solon antash’i – ‘tasty’. Negidal amtan – 1) ‘taste’; 2) ‘smell’. Orochi amta – 1) ‘taste’; 2) ‘smell’. Udegei amtahi – 1) ‘taste’; 2) ‘tasty’. Ulchi amtala – ‘to taste (perceive flavour of)’. Oroki apta – 1) ‘tastily’, ‘deliciously’; 2) ‘sweetly’. Nanai amta – 1) ‘taste’; 2) ‘sweetness’. Manchurian amsu – 1) ‘viands, victuals’; 2) ‘food’. Old-written Mongolian amtan – 1) ‘taste’; 2) ‘names of food’. Mongolian amsa – 1) ‘to taste (perceive flavour of)’; 2) ‘to feel’, ‘to experience’. Buryat amsaha – 1) ‘to test’; 2) ‘to taste (perceive flavour of)’; 3) ‘to savour’. Sakha mohoi – ‘snake’. Ėven mirkädäi – 1) ‘to crawl’; 2) ‘to go on all fours’. Evenki mirki – ‘knee (of a crawling creature)’. Solon milki – ‘to crawl’. Negidal mihi – ‘snake’. Orochi miki – ‘snake’. Udegei miki – ‘(small) snake’. Ulchi michu – ‘to crawl (on all fours)’. Oroki mitu- ~ mittu [* michu- < *mirku-] – 1) ‘to crawl’; 2) ‘to go on all fours’. Nanai miku- [*mirku-] (mirki- ~ mitki) – 1) ‘to crawl’; 2) ‘crawling’, ‘on all fours’. Manchurian mihi, michu-, michurshä- (muchi-) – 1) ‘to crawl’; 2) ‘to crawl (on all fours). Old-written Mongolian moyai – ‘snake’; molku – ‘to crawl’. Mongolian mogoi – ‘snake’; mölhö – ‘to crawl’. Buryat mogoi – ‘snake’; mülhi – ‘to crawl, go on all fours’. Sakha aja – 1) ‘bow’; 2) ‘cross-bow’. Ėven aj – 1) ‘good’; 2) ‘kind’; 3) ‘beautiful’; 4) ‘splendid’. Evenki aj – ‘help’. Solon ai ~ aja – 1) ‘good’; 2) ‘healthy’; 3) ‘well’. Negidal aja – 1) ‘good’; 2) ‘kind’; 3) ‘healthy’; 4) ‘beautiful’; 5) ‘con- venient’; 6) ‘tasty’, ‘sweet’. Orochi aja – 1) ‘good’; 2) ‘beautiful’. Udegei aja – 1) ‘good’; 2) ‘well’; 3) ‘all right’. Ulchi aja – 1) ‘good’; 2) ‘well’, ‘all right’. Oroki aja – 1) ‘good’; 2) ‘well’, ‘all right’; 3) ‘very much’, ‘too much’. Nanai aj – 1) ‘good’; 2) ‘healthy’. Manchurian ajkan i gäsä, ajkan fajkan i – 1) ‘solicitously’; 2) ‘care- fully’; 3) ‘circumspectly’. Old-written Mongolian aja – 1) ‘position’; 2) ‘circumstance’. Mongolian aja – 1) ‘position’; 2) ‘circumstance’; 3) ‘way’, ‘method’; 4) ‘character’; 5) ‘habit’; 6) ‘custom’. Buryat aja – 1) ‘decency’; 2) ‘tact’; 3) ‘good form’; 4) ‘decorum’; 5) ‘manners’, ‘behaviour’.