산업혁명과 인권의 상관관계
The Correlations between the Industrial Revolutions and Human Rights
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초록
최근 제4차 산업혁명이 인류에 어떠한 영향을 줄지 관심이 크다. 그러나 높은 기대만큼이나 우려도 없지 않다. 제4차 산업혁명의 여파가 인간 생활에 미치는 영향이 지대할 것이기 때문에, 인권에 끼칠 긍정적 또는 부정적 영향은 다양한 형태를 띨 것이라 보는 것이 타당하다. 그러나 제4차 산업혁명과 인권에 대하여 논하기 이전에, 기존 산업혁명과 인권에 대한 기초연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본고는 과거 산업혁명이 인권의 변천에 어떠한 영향을 주었는지, 그 상관관계를 인권사 측면에서 검토하였다. 이 검토를 통하여 제4차 산업혁명에 인권과 관련하여 어떠한 연구를 진행해야 할지 그 함의를 확인할 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구에서는 과거 산업혁명과 인권의 발전이 직·간접적으로 상관관계가 있으며, 그 형태가 다양하다는 점을 재산권, 노예철폐, 노동권, 사회보장권, 발전권, 평화권을 통해 예시적으로 지적하였다. 제4차 산업혁명과 관련된 연구는 학계에서 활발하게 진행되고 있지만, 아직 과거 산업혁명이 인권에 어떠한 영향을 주었는지에 대한 연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 이러한 연구는 제4차 산업혁명이 인권에 어떠한 영향을 줄지에 대한 기초연구로써 의의가 있다.
Abstract
Recently, a keen interest has developed in how the Fourth Industrial Revolution would affect humanity. However, there are concerns as much as expectations. It is proper to perceive that the effect will have both positive and negative aspect as the Fourth Industrial Revolution will have tremendous consequences on human society. However, it is necessary to delve into the foundational study of the relationship between the industrial revolution and human rights in general before raising such a question. Thus, this paper attempts to study how previous industrial revolutions have affected the transformation of human rights in terms of the history of human rights. This study manifests some implications for a future study regarding the development of human rights in the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This study indicated that direct and indirect correlations between the previous industrial revolution and human rights could be confirmed in the study of property rights, abolition, labor rights, the right to social welfare, the right of development, the right of peace. Even though the Fourth Industrial Revolution is fervently studied, the study on the relationship between previous industrial revolutions and human rights is difficult to find. The significance of the study lies in making a rational forecast on how the Fourth Industrial Revolution would affect the development of human rights.
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