Increased risk of developing cerebro-cardiovascular diseases in police officers: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
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Police officers face an increased risk of developing cerebro-cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, current literature lacks population-based cohort studies specifically focusing on this association. This study aimed to investigate the association between police officers and the risk of developing CVD compared with education officers, while accounting for socioeconomic and demographic factors.We used the Korean National Health Insurance Service data spanning from 2009 to 2020. In this population-based retrospective matched cohort study, we identified age, sex, and calendar years of job-enrollment–matched education officers for each police officer. This study evaluated the CVD occurrence, including acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. Using multivariable Cox regression analysis, we determined the risk of developing CVD, expressed as a hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Among 104,134 police officers and 104,134 education officers, 4,391(42.2%) cases and 3,631(34.9%) cases of CVD occurred, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation age was 38.4 ± 9.4 years in police officers and 38.6 ± 9.5 years in education officers. The proportion of men was 84.8 % in both groups. Police officers were significantly associated with a higher risk of developing CVD compared with education officers, with an adjusted HR of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.09–1.22). In addition, police officers had significantly higher risks for acute myocardial infarction (adjusted HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06–1.26) and ischemic stroke (adjusted HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09–1.25).The findings of our study highlight a significant increase in the risk of developing CVD among police officers, particularly among those aged 45 years and older and those with uncontrolled blood pressure compared to their education officer counterparts. Future cohort studies are required to confirm this association.
Abstract
Background Police ofcers face an increased risk of developing cerebro-cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, current literature lacks population-based cohort studies specifcally focusing on this association. This study aimed to investigate the association between police ofcers and the risk of developing CVD compared with education ofc‑ ers, while accounting for socioeconomic and demographic factors. Methods We used the Korean National Health Insurance Service data spanning from 2009 to 2020. In this pop‑ ulation-based retrospective matched cohort study, we identifed age, sex, and calendar years of job-enrollment– matched education ofcers for each police ofcer. This study evaluated the CVD occurrence, including acute myocar‑ dial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. Using multivariable Cox regression analysis, we determined the risk of developing CVD, expressed as a hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confdence interval (CI). Results Among 104,134 police ofcers and 104,134 education ofcers, 4,391(42.2%) cases and 3,631(34.9%) cases of CVD occurred, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation age was 38.4 ± 9.4 years in police ofcers and 38.6 ± 9.5 years in education ofcers. The proportion of men was 84.8 % in both groups. Police ofcers were signifcantly associ‑ ated with a higher risk of developing CVD compared with education ofcers, with an adjusted HR of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.09–1.22). In addition, police ofcers had signifcantly higher risks for acute myocardial infarction (adjusted HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06–1.26) and ischemic stroke (adjusted HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09–1.25). Conclusions The fndings of our study highlight a signifcant increase in the risk of developing CVD among police ofcers, particularly among those aged 45 years and older and those with uncontrolled blood pressure compared to their education ofcer counterparts. Future cohort studies are required to confrm this association.
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