Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of Salvia plebeia R. Br. on human gingival fibroblast cells
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Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition triggered by bacterial infections, with periodontopathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis playing a key role. We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of Salvia plebeia R. Br. ethanol extract (SP-E) in human gingival fibroblasts (hTERT-hNOF) treated with P. gingivalis-derived LPS. Dried S. plebeia R. Br. was extracted with 70% ethanol, yielding a 10.5% extract. Inflammation was induced in hTERT-hNOF cells using P. gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with LPS-binding protein and CD14. SP-E was administered at concentrations of 25-100 μg/ml of SP-E. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed concentration-dependent antioxidant effects, with 62.98% radical scavenging activity at 200 μg/ml of SP-E. In hTERT-hNOF cells, SOD activity recovered from 4.88% following LPS stimulation to 45.78% with 100 μg/ml SP-E treatment. RT-PCR analysis revealed significant decreases in IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression after SP-E treatment. ELISA analysis confirmed reduced secretion of TNF-α (312.83→178.22 pg/ml), IL-6 (453.97→170.83 pg/ml), and IL-8 (480.14→276.86 pg/ml) with 100 μg/ml SP-E treatment. These findings suggest that SP-E could potentially be used for periodontal disease prevention and treatment through reducing oxidative stress via antioxidant activity and regulating inflammatory cytokine expression. Future studies should focus on elucidating detailed molecular signaling pathways and validating these effects in animal models.
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition triggered by bacterial infections, with periodontopathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis playing a key role. We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of Salvia plebeia R. Br. ethanol extract (SP-E) in human gingival fibroblasts (hTERT-hNOF) treated with P. gingivalis-derived LPS. Dried S. plebeia R. Br. was extracted with 70% ethanol, yielding a 10.5% extract. Inflammation was induced in hTERT-hNOF cells using P. gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with LPS-binding protein and CD14. SP-E was administered at concentrations of 25-100 μg/ml of SP-E. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed concentration-dependent antioxidant effects, with 62.98% radical scavenging activity at 200 μg/ml of SP-E. In hTERT-hNOF cells, SOD activity recovered from 4.88% following LPS stimulation to 45.78% with 100 μg/ml SP-E treatment. RT-PCR analysis revealed significant decreases in IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression after SP-E treatment. ELISA analysis confirmed reduced secretion of TNF-α (312.83→178.22 pg/ml), IL-6 (453.97→170.83 pg/ml), and IL-8 (480.14→276.86 pg/ml) with 100 μg/ml SP-E treatment. These findings suggest that SP-E could potentially be used for periodontal disease prevention and treatment through reducing oxidative stress via antioxidant activity and regulating inflammatory cytokine expression. Future studies should focus on elucidating detailed molecular signaling pathways and validating these effects in animal models.