울릉도 흑비둘기(Columba janthina)의 계절적 분포와 서식지 선택 특성
Seasonal Distribution and Habitat selection characteristics of Japanese Wood Pigeon Columba janthina in Ulleungdo Island
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초록
본 연구는 우리나라 흑비둘기 최대 서식지인 울릉도에서 2016년 3월부터 2018년 2월까지 흑비둘기의지역별 개체군 변동과 선호하는 생태적 환경에 대하여 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 40개 정점에서 확인된 흑비둘기의 누적개체수는 1,956개체가 조사되었고 최대개체수는 2016년 8월에 326개체가 출현하였다. 월별 개체수 변동은 10월부터 출현개체수가 감소하다가 겨울철인 12월에서 2월에는 거의 관찰되지않았다. 지역별 개체수 비율은 2016년에는 나리분지 지역이 33.43%로 가장 높았고 2017년에는 태하,학포 지역이 29.39%로 흑비둘기가 많이 출현하였다. 흑비둘기가 선호하는 서식지 특성은 활엽수림(77.5%), 임분의 영급은 4영급(75%), 흉고직경(DBH)은 중경목(80%), 수관수밀도는 밀밀도를 선호하였다. 해발고는 평균 178.22±36.60 m(SD, n=40, range 10∼472)였고 10∼160 m 지역이 전체 지역의57.5%를 차지하여 저지대 산림을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Columbidae (pigeons and doves) is one of the most threatened bird families in the world. Japanese Wood Pigeon (Columba janthina) lives in the southern island of Korea and Ulleungdoisland, which is considered as an endangered species in the world. We need to investigate thesize of its population in this region for protecting and managing the endangered species. Thechanges of ecological environment and population dynamics should be monitored. There was nota research on the population size of Japanese Wood Pigeon in Korea. Therefore, it is veryimportant to conduct research on the basic information such as population size and seasonallypreferred habitat so that we could better protect Japanese Wood Pigeon. This study was conductedto investigate the regional variation of population and the preferred ecological environment inUlleungdo, the largest habitat of Japanese Wood Pigeon in Korea, from March 2016 to February2018. Population surveys were conducted separately at 40 points in eight habitats of JapaneseWood Pigeon. Forest type, tree age-class, DBH, forest density crown and altitude were analyzedas environment factors. Japanese Wood Pigeon was observed up to the total of 1,956 (numberof cumulative individual) individuals in the 40 points during the survey period. The maximum population is 326 individuals in August 2016. Monthly population fluctuation decreased fromOctober and was almost not observed between December and February. The Japanese WoodPigeon was found 34.16% in the Nari Basin area on 2016 and 29.39% in the Taeha, Hakpoareas on 2017. The Japanese Wood Pigeon preferred the following habitat environments:broad-leaf forests (77.5%), tree age class 4 (75%), DBH class 2 (80%), & high density crown(100%). The average altitude was 178.22±36.60 m (SD, n=40, range 10 m∼472 m) and analtitude of 10 to 160 m accounting for 57.5% of the total area indicating a preference forlowland forests.
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