조선말기·근대기에 출현한 조왕도의 도상학적 연구

Abstract

The Painting of Kitchen deity is a painting depicting the god who presides over the kitchen. There is a record that a picture of King Zhao was put up in the kitchen during the Northern Song Dynasty in China. In Korea, the image of King Jo is mentioned in the 『Seonmun Yeomsongjip』 of State Preceptor Jingak during the reign of King Gojong of Goryeo. A personification of Kitchen deity and his depiction in a painting can be seen in Jijangam Sinjungdo (1790) at Hyeondeungsa Temple. In the late Joseon Dynasty, it came out of the Buddhist Guardian Deities Painting and began to be painted independently. This is believed to be related to the publication of Baekpa Geungseon's 『Jagbeob-wigam』 (1827). Currently, there are about 53 paintings of Kitchen deity from the late Joseon Dynasty and the modern period. The Painting of Kitchen deity consists of a single statue and a triad of Kitchen deity. Kitchen deity is divided into cases where he wears a helmet, a crown, a hat, and a hood on his head. Kitchen deity, wearing a hood, mainly appears in Buddhist Guardian Deties Painting. Cases of wearing a crown or Samogwan often appear in Painting of Kitchen deity. His representative work is Eunhaesa Temple Baekheungam Painting of Kitchen deity(1929). The Kitchen deity Triad places Kitchen deity in the center of the screen, and the left and right sides contain Damsiyuksa and JoSikChwimo. The screen background is decorated with folding screens and draperies. The works with the insignia in the background are the King's Painting of Yaksuam at Haeinsa Temple (1925), the Painting of the King's Crown at Jeokjoam Rock at Heungcheonsa Temple (1938), and the Painting of the King's Crown at Cheongryongam (1939). Three Buddhist paintings depicting the sea and the sun hang on the wall behind the curtain. At this time, the curtain appears to have separated the space or implied that the space where Kitchen deity was located was indoors. The sun and moon are expressed in the Painting of Kitchen deity as natural elements necessary for eating.