ABS(나고야의정서) 대응을 위한 각 국가의 거버넌스 체계와 정책방향

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to compare the ABS(Nagoya Protocol) response system focused on the position on ABS, establishment of institutional framework and ABS governance structure of each country, and to provide the policy implications. ABS response system has the features as multi-layer structure consisting of various stakeholder. Since the adoption of CBD and ABS, many governments have prepared strategic responses with regards to the conservation of domestic genetic resources and the use of those of foreign origin. The responses consist of making laws and institutions, regulatory agencies such as the institutional scheme that is primarily built around the genetic resource-rich countries. Typical country showing the position of provider of genetic resources and actively involved in the activities may be Australia. A country that clearly indicates the position of user of genetic resources may be Japan. Australia had enacted ABS laws in the federal and each local government level and India has made and enacted the Biological Diversity Act, including revision of its patent law. However, most countries in positions of using genetic resources do not enact ABS laws. Our analysis indicates that the international regime has been newly formed surrounding the use of genetic resources. Bio-resource supplier countries are equipped with ABS response system, whereas bio-resource user countries are not yet established the corresponding system. We conclude that the most important thing is collaboration with the association between the components and entities for ABS.