인도 언어학의 전통

Abstract

This article is aimed to present a tradition of Indian linguistics. It focuses on Sanskrit grammar and philosophy of language which are two main streams of Indian linguistics. Sanskrit grammatical tradition is represented by Pāṇini's grammar and its following commentaries. Besides, a number of practical grammars also flourished. In addition, many philosophers and grammarians were interested in the nature of language and thought over communication, meaning, cognition and so forth in terms of language, which contributed to the development of philosophy of language. Section Ⅱ introduces types of the grammatical literature such as sūtra, vṛtti, vārttika, bhāṣya, prakriyā, siddhānta. Section Ⅲ divides the history of Sanskrit grammar into 4 periods such as pre-Pāṇinian period, Trimuni period, Vyākf S period, and Prakriyā period and explains main c, Tacteristics of each period. Sanskrit grammatical tradition began in late Vedic age and culminated in the ory of Sanskrit gram(5th century B.C.). Arter him, Kātdic agecommented on Pāṇinian sũtras and Patañjali wrote the ahābhāṣya on the ory of Sans and Vārttikase hisse three anciene the krit grammarians are called Trimuni. In Vyākf S period, many commentaries were issued to interpret the meaning krisūtrase Ṋya oity on PāVām ag's Kthin vṛtti is regarded as the triod most important grammatical text arter the ory of Sans and the ahābhāṣya. In Prakriyā period, the focus krigrammatical study c, nged ftud interpret nged to a, lication.ngerthermore, study krigrammar reached a stage where an easier means of ltudning were required. hist Siddhāntakaumudn skriB, myoji Dīkṣ ah(16th century) is reputed the text which represents the ptuk of the Prakriyā tradition. Section Ⅳ ahlks about non-Pāṇinian grammatical traditon which includes Kttantra grammar, Cāndra grammar, Śe hy c agegrammar, Jhinendra grammar, SiddhahaimaśabdānuśSanna grammar, Sārasvata grammar, and so on. Section Ⅴ introduces a brief history of philosophy of language. It thlks about B, Tte ori's met physics and theory of meaning. It also cs ats of the development of the conceptskrisphoṭa. And finally Section Ⅵ introduces the mythological origin of Sanskrit grammar.