『재인식정수(再認識精髓, Pratyabhijñahṛdayam)』의 수행론 연구 -제 18송의 수행법들 중 분별의 해소를 중심으로-
The Study on the Practice Theory in Pratyabhijñahṛdayam -Focused on the Vikalpa Kṣaya among Practice Methods in the 18th Sūtra-
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본 연구는 재인식정수(再認識精髓, Pratyabhijñāhṛdayam)』(이하 PH)의 제 18송의 수행법(upāya)들 중에서 분별의 해소(vikalpa-kṣaya)만을 고찰한다. 이를 통해서 분별의 해소라는 방편이 재인식론에서 가지는 위치, 그리고 불이론 쉬바파에서 수행의 목적을 이해하고, 이 분별의 해소 수행법의 구체적 행법과 이를 통해 무엇을 얻게 되는지 알아본다. 이 수행법은 재인식론의 핵심을 드러낸 재인식론의 최고이자 유일한 수행법이다. 불이론 쉬바파는 아비나바굽타가 쉬바교의 다양한 분파들의 사상들을 재인식론의 형이상학을 필두로 진동설의 철학, 그리고 트리카와 크라마의 사상들을 트리카의 교설 체계를 기본으로 하여 불이론의 관점에서 통합한 교설 체계이다. 이 사상에서 수행의 목적은 쉬바와 개체의 불이의 상태인 환희의식을 얻어 생전해탈자가 되는 것에 있다. 본 연구는 분별의 제거의 구체적 행법을 아래와 같이 5단계로 분석한다. ①절대와 현상을 동일시한다. ②이 과정에 전념하면 일체 모든 현상이 떠오르는 매 순간의 의식이 바로 진아임에 점점 익숙해진다. ③그러면 빠르게 투리야와 투리야티타의 환희의식을 얻게 된다. 즉 현상과 절대의 불이를 체험하게 된다. ④이후에도 이를 더욱 확고히 수용함에 전념한다. ⑤마침내 일체의 의심이 다하고 환희의식은 완전한 상태에 이르러 분별이 있는 상태에서도 분별에 매이지 않는 생전해탈자가 된다. 이와 같이 생전해탈자가 되는 것이 이 수행법을 통해 얻게 되는 것이다.
Abstract
This study considered only the dissolving mental constructs(vikalpa kṣaya) among many practice methods(upāya) in the 18th śloka of the Pratyabhijñāhṛdayam. Through this study, we considered the position of the dissolving mental construct in the Self-recognition theory (Pratyabhijñā-darśana), the aim of practice of Advaita śaiva, and a concrete method of the dissolving mental construct and by which what we attains in the end. The method of the dissolving mental construct reveals the essence of the Self-recognition and is the first and the only one in the Self-recognition theory. The theory of Advaita śaiva was the philosophical system constructed by Abhinavagupta who united the Self-recognition theory which rolls as a metaphysical base, with 3 kinds of thoughts, as like the Pulsation theory(Spand darśana), the Krama system, and the Trika system by which Abhinavagupta systematize the Advaita śaiva philosophy. The aim of Advaita śaiva practice is, attaining the bliss of consciousness(cidānanda) which is the experience that the universe and a individual being are not different, or the unity of the universe and a individual being, to become one who was liberated even while alive(jīvanmukta). This study analyzed a concrete method of the dissolving mental construct in five steps as below. ① Regard a individual being in the same light as the absolute truth. ② If devoted oneself to this regarding, we accustomed more and more to the understanding that each consciousness of every moment while all individual things were formed is the very real Self. ③ Then, we become to experience rapidly the bliss of consciousness of turya and turyātīta, or the non dual experience of the absolute and the individual being. ④ After that experience, we should devote ourself to accept firmly the truth of the experience, or the truth of non dual. ⑤ At last, by the disappearing of all doubt, and the perfect achievement of the bliss of consciousness, he becomes liberated even while alive, which is the very aim of this method called as the dissolving mental constructs, or vikalpa kṣaya.
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