Vinaya Elements in Āgama Texts as a Criterion of the School Affiliation — Taking the Six vivādamūlas as an Example —
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초록
동투르키스탄 출토의 아함전적과 소위 근본설일체유부율 중에 포함된 아함구절은 약간의 용어상의 차이를 제외하고는 대체로 일치하는 반면, 율전의경우 양자의 사이에 상당한 차이가 보인다. 이러한 상황은 학자들로 하여금두 부파는 각기 다른 율장을 계승하였으나, 동일 아함을 공유하였다고 상정하게 하였다. 그러나 동투르키스탄본 아함전적과 근본설일체유부율의 일치는후자에 포함된 아함인용구 내지는 설화적 구절에 한정되지 않은 듯하다. 동투트키스탄 출토 산스크리트 사본단편을 토대로 복원된 衆集經 중에 六諍本에 관한 구절이 있다. 이 구절은 길기트본 滅諍事 중에 포함된 해당 구절과 현저하게 닮아있음을 간과할 수 없다. 이정도의 유사성은 십송율과 근본설일체유부율 사이에 찾아볼 수 없다. 이러한 관점에서 보아 동투르키스탄에서 발견된아함전적을 전승한 불교인들은 십송율보다는 오히려 근본설일체유부율과 유사한 율장을 계승하였다고 상정해 보는 것은 솔깃한 일이다. 양종의 율장이동투르키스탄에 존재하였음이 입증된 이상 동투르키스탄 출토의 아함전적과 십송율을 포함한 소위 설일체유부율 사이의 관계는 재고할 필요가 있다고 본다.
Abstract
The Āgama texts from Eastern Turkestan and those contained in the so-called Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya from Gilgit are, apart from differences in diction, by and large congruent, whereas the Vinaya texts differ from each other considerably. This circumstance has led scholars to assume that the two Buddhist schools possessed their own Vinaya traditions, but shared an Āgama tradition. The congruency between the Āgama texts from Eastern Turkestan and the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, however, does not seem to have been confined to the Āgama citations, or to the narrative portions. In the Saṅgīti-sūtra reconstructed on the basis of Sanskrit fragments from Eastern Turkestan there are passages on the six roots of contention (Skt. ṣaḍ vivādamūlāni). These passages show a striking similarity to the corresponding portion in the Adhikara- ṇavastu from Gilgit, a degree of similarity which cannot be observed between the Shisong-lü and the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya. From this point of view, it is tempting to assume that the Buddhists who passed down the Āgama tradition found in Eastern Turkestan possessed a Vinaya corpus which rather looked like the Vinaya from Gilgit than the Shisong-lü. Seeing that the existence of both Vinaya traditions has been proven in Eastern Turkestan, a reconsideration of the relationship between the Āgama texts from Eastern Turkestan and the so-called Sarvāstivāda Vinaya tradition including the Shisong-lü, appears to be indispensible.
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