중국 공업의 성장과 제조업 경쟁력 분석

Abstract

Since the China performed reform and open policy, the Chinese manufacture industry achieved rapid growth. Therefore, the China not only have become the supplier for world demand market with the goods of light industry, heavy industry including electronic, steel, motor vehicles field, also have stood shoulder to shoulder at the production scale with the United States, Japan etc. The cause for rapid growth of Chinese manufacture industry not only is the industry policy of Chinese government, it also is foreign funded enterprise entry for Chinese market. According to rapid growth of Chinese industry, the competitiveness of the Chinese manufacture industry have been upraised after 1990’s. This paper conformed that the competitiveness of the Chinese manufacture industry is upraising through the TSI and RCAI. The TSI of Chinese manufacture industry raised to 0.253 in 2007, and RCAI raised to 1.350 in 2006. The factor that it have a influence on the management environment of the Chinese manufacture industry is as follow; Firstly, is labor charge. the labor charge in China upraised 14.4% every year from 1990 to 2009. But this chinese labor charge is lower than NICS’s still. Secondly, is human resource. The China have supplied rich manpower to industrial field after performing reform and open policy, but it is expected that economically active population will be reduced and that labor charge will be upraised owing to population policy, life expectancy, upgraded education standard. Thirdly, is the foreign exchange rate. The RMB exchange rate on US dollar is upraised nearly 20% during recently four years after July 21, 2005. The exchange rate influence on export competitiveness of Chinese goods is not severe when rising range of RMB value is less than 10%, but price competitiveness and profit rate became lower when RMB value is higher than 10% after 2008.