『복락지혜』에 나타난 수피즘(Sufism)의 수용 연구

Abstract

Sufism is a sect of Islam that tries to bring close to God by changing inner consciousness of humans through various methods such as fasting and praying all night long, repeated recitation of God's name, and spinning meditation dance, etc, unlike Sharia, or orthodox Islam, which seeks to return to heaven after death by complying with Islamic law. Supism is also called "Islamic Mysticism" because the process of approaching God and experiencing God's existence relies heavily on individual’s mystical experiences. It is known in the first half of the 10th century that Islam spread to the current Xinjiang area of China. At that time, Satuk Bughra Khan (920~955 reign), the ruler of Karakhanid, was impressed by a prince from a neighboring country who was a Sufi Muslim and believed in Islam, and since then, several Sufi prominent figures have greatly influenced Karakhanid as spiritual teachers. And in the 11th century, as Islam spread throughout Karakhanid's society, Sufism had a wide range of influences on the all aspects of Karakhanid's local life. ‘Kutadgu Bilig’ is a long-length philosophical poem written by a Uyghur thinker named Yusuf Khas Hajib (born 1018 or 1019) in the old Uyghur language of Kashgar in Karakhanid between 1069 and 1070. In this work, four main characters appear: Richu(the king), Yueyuan(the prime minister), Xianming(the son of Yueyuan), and Juexing(a monk). They express their thoughts, beliefs, and values through speech according to their respective status and role. There is a person who is drawing attention, that is a monk named Juexing. Unlike the other three who pursue secular life and values, Juexing is a monk who pursue a cloistered life. He goes away from the bustling world and pursuing a life of asceticism and being content with poverty in the mountains. This paper examines the idea of Supism contained in the ‘Kutadgu Bilig’ through comparison with orthodox Islamic ideas.