Provincial divergence and sub-group convergence in vietnam’s GDP per capita
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In the Vietnamese context, this paper is the first application of Phillips & Sul’s (2007, 2009)’s approach to the examination of inequality in GDP per capita in a study of 61 Vietnamese provinces covering the period 1990-2011. The results show that provincial levels of GDP per capita diverged over the study period, and all provinces could be formed into five convergence sub-groups. However, the result of this paper is the first application of Phillips & Sul’s (2007, examination of inequality in GDP per capita in a study of 61 covering the period 1990-2011. The results show that provincial diverged over the study period, and all provinces could be sub-groups. However, the result of σ-convergence shows in the trend around 2004 when it reversed itself. Further underlying the switch from divergence to convergence around an analysis of provincial-level data for foreign direct investment, and central-provincial budgetary transfers. Estimates model suggest that foreign direct investment, domestic from central to provincial governments have played an the sub-groups. Based on these results, several policy divergence, sub-group convergence, foreign direct investment, from central to provincial governments, Vietnam. -convergence shows that there was a clear break in the trend around 2004 when it reversed itself. Further insights into the factors underlying the switch from divergence to convergence around 2004 were gained through an analysis of provincial-level data for foreign direct investment, public investment, and centralprovincial budgetary transfers. Estimates from an ordered probit model suggest that foreign direct investment, domestic investment, and transfers from central to provincial governments have played an important role in forming the sub-groups. Based on these results, several policy implications are discussed.
Abstract
In the Vietnamese context, this paper is the first application of Phillips & Sul’s (2007, 2009)’s approach to the examination of inequality in GDP per capita in a study of 61 Vietnamese provinces covering the period 1990-2011. The results show that provincial levels of GDP per capita diverged over the study period, and all provinces could be formed into five convergence sub-groups. However, the result of this paper is the first application of Phillips & Sul’s (2007, examination of inequality in GDP per capita in a study of 61 covering the period 1990-2011. The results show that provincial diverged over the study period, and all provinces could be sub-groups. However, the result of σ-convergence shows in the trend around 2004 when it reversed itself. Further underlying the switch from divergence to convergence around an analysis of provincial-level data for foreign direct investment, and central-provincial budgetary transfers. Estimates model suggest that foreign direct investment, domestic from central to provincial governments have played an the sub-groups. Based on these results, several policy divergence, sub-group convergence, foreign direct investment, from central to provincial governments, Vietnam. -convergence shows that there was a clear break in the trend around 2004 when it reversed itself. Further insights into the factors underlying the switch from divergence to convergence around 2004 were gained through an analysis of provincial-level data for foreign direct investment, public investment, and centralprovincial budgetary transfers. Estimates from an ordered probit model suggest that foreign direct investment, domestic investment, and transfers from central to provincial governments have played an important role in forming the sub-groups. Based on these results, several policy implications are discussed.
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