본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

Incorporating environmental externalities in total factor productivity analysis: The case of soil erosion in Nigerian agriculture

1

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

In this study, we argue that conventional methods of measuring agricultural productivity which only use information about marketed inputs and outputs does not give a true representation of how sustainable the activities of the sector are. Motivated by the Solowtype growth accounting framework, we use the ToÄrnqvist index formula to construct input, output and TFP indices for Nigerian agriculture between 1980 and 2010. We account for environmental externalities by incorporating off-farm damage costs of soil erosion based on dierent assumptions about possible scenarios of the extent and trajectory of damage costs. The results show that when externalities are not accounted for, productivity in the Nigerian agricultural sector is overestimated. This conclusion is robust to the dierent assumptions about damage cost scenarios made. The implication is that reducing o-farm erosion damages through improved soil conservation practices will signicantly improve productivity and sustainability in the Nigerian agriculture sector.

Abstract

In this study, we argue that conventional methods of measuring agricultural productivity which only use information about marketed inputs and outputs does not give a true representation of how sustainable the activities of the sector are. Motivated by the Solowtype growth accounting framework, we use the ToÄrnqvist index formula to construct input, output and TFP indices for Nigerian agriculture between 1980 and 2010. We account for environmental externalities by incorporating off-farm damage costs of soil erosion based on dierent assumptions about possible scenarios of the extent and trajectory of damage costs. The results show that when externalities are not accounted for, productivity in the Nigerian agricultural sector is overestimated. This conclusion is robust to the dierent assumptions about damage cost scenarios made. The implication is that reducing o-farm erosion damages through improved soil conservation practices will signicantly improve productivity and sustainability in the Nigerian agriculture sector.

참고문헌 (62)

  1. Adeyemo, R., "Economic efficiency of small scale farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria", Tropicultura, 28(2), pp.84~88 (2010)
  2. Ali, M., "Productivity growth and resource degradation in Pakistan's Punjab: a decomposition analysis", Economic Development and Cultural Change, pp.839~863 (2002)
  3. Alfsen, K.H., "The cost of soil erosion in Nicaragua", Ecological Economics, 16(2), pp.129~145 (1996)
  4. Amaza, P.S., "Identification of factors that influence technical efficiency in rice based production systems in Nigeria", Paper presented at workshop on policies and strategies for promoting rice production and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa in Cotonou (2005)
  5. American Society of Agronomy, "Decision reached on sustainable agriculture", Agronomy News, ~ (1989)
  6. Amos, T., "Productivity, technical efficiency and cropping patterns in the savannah zone of Nigeria", Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 2, pp.173~176 (2004)
  7. Asmild M, "Economic and environmental efficiency of Danish pig farms", Agricultural Economics, 35, pp.171~181 (2006)
  8. Avila, A.F., "Handbook of Agricultural Economics 4", pp.3769~3822 (2010)
  9. Ball, V., "Incorporating environmental impacts in the measurement of agricultural productivity growth", Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 19(3), pp.436~460 (2004)
  10. Bishop, J., "The on-site costs of soil erosion in Mali", World Bank, Policy Planning and Research Department, ~ (1989)
  11. Global forests product outlook study, "Brown, C.", FAO, ~, pp.Working Paper No. GFPOS (2003), WP[DOI]
  12. Breustedt, G., "Determinants of agricultural cash rents:Empirical insights from farms in lower Saxony", Paper presented in IAMO Forum (2008)
  13. Byerlee, D., "Sense and sustainability revisited: The limits of total factor productivity measures of sustainable agricultural systems", Agricultural Economics, 26(3), pp.227~236 (2001)
  14. Caves, D.W., "The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input, output and productivity", Econometrica, 50, pp.1393~1414 (1982)
  15. Christainsen G.B, "The contribution of environmental regulations to the slowdown in economic growth", Journal of Environmental Economic Management, 8, pp.381~390 (1981)
  16. Clark, C., "The conditions of economic progress" (1940), McMillan
  17. Clark I.I, E.H., "Eroding soils: The off-farm impacts" (1985), The Conservation Foundation
  18. Coelli, T., "Environmental efficiency measurement and the materials balance condition", Journal of Productivity Analysis, 28, pp.3~12 (2007)
  19. Implicit value shares in Malmquist TFP index numbers, "Coelli, T.J.", School of Economics, University of New England, ~, pp.CEPA Working Papers, No. 4 (2001), 2001
  20. Coelli, T.J., "Total factor productivity growth in agriculture:A Malmquist index analysis of 93 countries, 1980-2000", Agricultural Economics, 32, pp.115~134 (2005)
  21. Coelli, T.J., "An introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis" (2005), Springer
  22. Coelli, T.J., "Sensitivity of the Malmquist productivity index to the choice of methodology: An Application to World Agriculture" (2004), Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, School of Economics, The University of Queensland
  23. Cohen, M.J., "Estimating the environmental costs of soil erosion at multiple scales in Kenya using energy synthesis", Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 114(2), pp.249~269 (2006)
  24. Elwell, H.A, "Developing a simple yet practical method of soil loss estimation", Tropical Agriculture, 59, pp.43~48 (1982)
  25. Fare R, "The effect of environmental regulations on the efficiency of electric utilities: 1969 versus 1975", Applied Economics, 21, pp.225~235 (1989)
  26. What's economic about the economic cost of soil erosion to Canadian farmers?, "Fox, G.", Department of Agricultural Economics and Business, University of Guelph, ~, pp.Discussion Paper DP88 (1988), 3
  27. Fuglie, K., "Sources of growth in Indonesian agriculture", Journal of Productivity Analysis, 33(3), pp.225~240 (2010)
  28. Fuglie, K., "The Food and Financial Crisis in Africa", pp.122~153 (2011), CAB International
  29. Fasoranti, M., "A stochastic frontier analysis of effectiveness of Cassavabased cropping systems in Ondo state", Ph.D., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, pp.2006
  30. Assesment of soil degradation in Nigeria, "FDALR", Federal Department of Agriculture and Land Resources, ~, pp.Final Report 1 (2006)
  31. Soil erosion risk in Italy: A revised USLE approach, "Grimm, M.", Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, ~, pp.European Soil Bureau Research Report No.11, EUR 20677 EN (2003)
  32. Hailu, A., "Non-parametric productivity analysis with undesirable outputs: An application to the Canadian pulp and paper industry", American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 83, pp.605~616 (2001)
  33. Economic measures of soil conservation benefits: Regional values for policy assessment, "Hansen, L.", Resource and Rural Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ~, pp.Technical Bulletin TB-2008 (1922)
  34. Hayami, Y., "Industrialization and agricultural productivity", Development Economics, 7, pp.3~21 (1969)
  35. Hayami, Y., "International comparisons of agricultural productivity", Farm Economics, 11, pp.407~419 (1969)
  36. Headey, D., "Explaining agricultural productivity growth: An international perspective", Agricultural Economics, 41, pp.1~14 (2010)
  37. Hoang, V., "Measurement of agricultural total factor productivity growth incorporating environmental factors: A nutrient based approach", Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 62, pp.462~474 (2011)
  38. Lal, R., "Soil erosion and its relation to productivity in tropical soils" (1983), Soil Conservation Society of America Ankey
  39. Lal, R., "Effects of soil erosion in crop productivity CRC Critical Reviews", Plant Sciences, 5(4), pp.303~367 (1987)
  40. Lal, R., "Soil erosion problems on alfisols in Western Nigeria VI: Effects of erosion on experimental plots", Geoderma, 25, pp.215~130 (1994)
  41. Lal, R., "Soil erosion on alfisols in Western Nigeria. IV. Nutrient elements losses in runoff and eroded sediments", Geoderma, 16, pp.403~417 (1990)
  42. A review of literature on agricultural productivity, social capital and food security in Nigeria, "Liverpool-Tasie, L.", IFPRI, ~, pp.NSSP Working Paper 21 (2011)
  43. Lynam, J.K., "Sense and sustainability: Sustainability as an objective in international agricultural research", Agricultural Economics, 3, pp.381~398 (1989)
  44. Nanere, M., "Environmentally adjusted productivity measurement: An Australian case study", Journal of Environmental Management, 85, pp.350~362 (2007)
  45. Onyenweaku, C., "Technical efficiency of rice farmers in Ebonyi state, Nigeria", Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 3(2), pp.175~184 (2009)
  46. Otitoju, M., "Constraints and determinants of technical efficiency in medium-scale soybean production in Benue state, Nigeria", African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(17), pp.2276~2280 (2010)
  47. Pashigian B.P., "The effect of environmental regulation on optimal plant size and factor shares", Journal of Law and Economics, 27, pp.1~28 (1984)
  48. Parcon, H., "A comparison of agricultural input prices: Hawaii vs. its major export competitors", Economic Issues, 20, pp.1~23 (2011)
  49. Pimentel, D., "Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits", Science, 267, pp.1117~1123 (1995)
  50. Piot-Lepetit I., "Agriculture's environmental externalities: DEA evidence for French agriculture", Applied Economics, 29, pp.331~338 (1997)
  51. Pittman R.W., "Multilateral productivity comparisons with undesirable outputs", Economic Journal, 93, pp.83~891 (1983)
  52. Reinhard S., "Nitrogen efficiency of Dutch dairy farms: A shadow cost system approach", European Review of Agricultural Economics, 27, pp.167~186 (2000)
  53. Water quality benefits from the conservation reserve program, "Ribaudo, M.O.", Resources and Technology Division, Economic Research Service, USDA, ~, pp.Agricultural Economic Report No. 606 (1989)
  54. Ribaudo, M.O., "Reducing soil erosion: Offsite benefits", U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, ~ (1986)
  55. Roose, E.J., "Use of the universal soil loss equation to predict erosion in West Africa", Soil Erosion: Prediction and Control, Proceedings of the National Conference on Soil Erosion 1977, pp.143~151 (1977)
  56. Schlapfer, F., "Survey protocol and income effects in the contingent valuation of public goods: A meta-analysis", Ecological Economics, 57, pp.415~429 (2006)
  57. Shaik S, G.A., "Langemeier, Direct and indirect shadow price and cost estimates of nitrogen pollution abatement", Journal of Agricultural Resource Econonomics, 27, pp.420~432 (2002)
  58. Shephard, R.W., "Theory of Cost and Production Functions" (1970), Princeton University Press
  59. Solow, R., "Technical change and the aggregate production function", Review of Economic Statistics, 39, pp.312~320 (1957)
  60. Tanko, L., "Economic efficiency among small holder arable crop farmers in Kebbi State, Nigeria", Continental Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2, pp.21~56 (2008)
  61. Towards The Development of An Environmental Action Plan for Nigeria, "World Bank", West Africa, Research Department, ~ (1990)
  62. World Bank, "Global approach to environmental analyses (GAEA)" (1999)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (3건)