Improving adaptation finance mobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Which donors to target?
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Enhancing the mobilization of international climate financing for adaptation in Sub-Saharan Africa requires a deeper understanding of donor preferences and adaptation financing architecture. This paper identifies the criteria favored by donors in funding adaptation efforts across 44 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2010 to 2021, using a descriptive analysis and a dynamic panel model based on the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Findings reveal that bilateral donors and Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are the primary adaptation financiers in the region. Projects incorporating Rio or gender markers marked as "significant", or targeting sectors like agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and water supply and sanitation, are particularly prioritized. Results also show that Multilateral Funds and Initiatives, and bilateral donors, tend to fund highly vulnerable countries with strong governance and economic readiness, while MDBs focus on countries with advanced economic, social, and governance readiness. Private philanthropic donors, meanwhile, tend to prefer countries with high governance quality.
Abstract
Enhancing the mobilization of international climate financing for adaptation in Sub-Saharan Africa requires a deeper understanding of donor preferences and adaptation financing architecture. This paper identifies the criteria favored by donors in funding adaptation efforts across 44 Sub-Saharan African countries from 2010 to 2021, using a descriptive analysis and a dynamic panel model based on the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Findings reveal that bilateral donors and Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are the primary adaptation financiers in the region. Projects incorporating Rio or gender markers marked as "significant", or targeting sectors like agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and water supply and sanitation, are particularly prioritized. Results also show that Multilateral Funds and Initiatives, and bilateral donors, tend to fund highly vulnerable countries with strong governance and economic readiness, while MDBs focus on countries with advanced economic, social, and governance readiness. Private philanthropic donors, meanwhile, tend to prefer countries with high governance quality.