체화된 마음과 마음의 병
Embodied mind and diseases of mind
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현대 의학의 괄목할 만한 발전에도 불구하고 마음의 병은 여전히 적절히 치료되지 못하고 있다. 정신과 의사들이 제공하는 약물치료를 통하여 우울증과 같은 일부 마음의 병들은 치료될 수 있지만, 우리는 치료를 받은 환자들이 실제로 정신적 차원에서 건강한 상태로 복귀했는지에 대해서는 확신할 수 없다. 마음의 병에 대한 새로운 인식과 접근이 필요한 이유가 여기에 있다. 이 글의 목적은 마음의 병이 체화된 마음의 관점에서 해명되고 치료되어야 한다는 점을 주장하는 데 있다. 나는 먼저 체화된 마음 이론을 구성하는데 있어서 중요한 이론적 기초를 제공하는 스피노자의 실체일원론과 정서 이론을 검토한다. 이어서 인지과학의 주요 연구 프로그램인 기호주의와 연결주의의 문제점을 체화 이론과의 비교를 통하여 검토한다. 인간의 마음은 몸과 마음이라는 전통적인 이분법이 아니라 몸, 마음, 환경이라는 세 가지 요소사이의 관계에서 이해되어야 한다. 우리는 인간의 건강을 몸의 건강뿐만 아니라 마음의 건강도 포함하는 것으로 보아야 하며, 그러한 포괄적인 건강 개념을 바탕으로 마음의 병을 정의해야 한다. 이상의 논의를 바탕으로 나는 마음의 병을 치료하기 위한 학제적 접근인 인문치료의 필요성을 제기한다.
Abstract
Though we have seen a remarkable growth of medicine in the twentieth century, the so-called diseases of mind are still not took of pertinent cure of doctors. Drug therapies delivered by psychiatrists can cure some diseases of mind like depressive disorder, but we cannot be convinced that patients really recovered their health of mind after their curing. We have to make a new approach and understanding to the disease of mind. The purpose of the paper is to argue that the disease of mind is to be explicated and cured from the point of embodied mind. First, I shall discuss Spinoza's substance monism and the theory of emotion that give an important theoretical foundation for constructing the theory of embodied mind. Then, l examine the problems of the two cognitive theories, symbolism and connectionism, in comparison with the embodied theory. I shall contend that we explain our mind, not in the relation between mind and body, but in terms of the interplay among body, mind, and environment. We have to think of human health as consisting of the health of mind as well as health of body and so define the disease of mind by using a more comprehensive concept of the disease of mind. Last, I shall suggest the necessity of interdisciplinary approach, humanities therapy, to the disease of mind.
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