The West and National Identities: A Comparison of the Discourses of Korean Seonjinguk, Japanese Nihonjinron, and Chinese New Nationalism
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Since its colonial expansion, the West has been the most significant other for many non-Western countries in their identity construction processes. This paper provides a comparative view on three neighboring East Asian countries’ dominant ways of constructing national identities in relation to the West. Through the comparative analysis of the discourses of Korean seonjinguk, Japanese nihonjinron, and Chinese new nationalism, it demonstrates that each country has distinctive self national identity and the perceptions of the West and modernity. With regard to the West, Koreans tend to create it as an advanced entity on a supposedly universal developmental path. In contrast, the Japanese and the Chinese tend to perceive it as somewhat lacking and hostile beings respectively in relation to their national identities. As for national self vis-à-vis the West, Koreans consider themselves as somewhat insufficient, while the Japanese focus on their uniqueness and the Chinese on their potential alternativeness. And, in regard to the subjectivity of modernities, Koreans show a typical Eurocentric paradigm of modernity. In comparison, the Japanese emphasize non-modernity and postmodernity of their society, and the Chinese pay attention to alternative modernity with socialist characteristics.
Abstract
Since its colonial expansion, the West has been the most significant other for many non-Western countries in their identity construction processes. This paper provides a comparative view on three neighboring East Asian countries’ dominant ways of constructing national identities in relation to the West. Through the comparative analysis of the discourses of Korean seonjinguk, Japanese nihonjinron, and Chinese new nationalism, it demonstrates that each country has distinctive self national identity and the perceptions of the West and modernity. With regard to the West, Koreans tend to create it as an advanced entity on a supposedly universal developmental path. In contrast, the Japanese and the Chinese tend to perceive it as somewhat lacking and hostile beings respectively in relation to their national identities. As for national self vis-à-vis the West, Koreans consider themselves as somewhat insufficient, while the Japanese focus on their uniqueness and the Chinese on their potential alternativeness. And, in regard to the subjectivity of modernities, Koreans show a typical Eurocentric paradigm of modernity. In comparison, the Japanese emphasize non-modernity and postmodernity of their society, and the Chinese pay attention to alternative modernity with socialist characteristics.
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