체화된 인지의 개념 지도: 두뇌의 경계를 넘어서
A Concept Map of Embodied Cognition: Beyond the Brain
0
조회
0
다운로드
51
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Since the advent of cognitive science, it has been dominated by two research programs: symbolism and connectionism. These programs have made possible the understanding of human cognition in a scientific way, but they have also been gradually understood as separating living cognition from the body and its environment by considering cognition as a form of computer program or as a pattern of activities in a massive neural network. Recently, a new research program, the theory of embodied cognition, has been emerging and is being discussed actively in cognitive science. At the present stage, the theory of embodied cognition does not have the systematicity of academic theory but remains only a set of theories, and its elements have different names. It is necessary to draw a conceptual map for those theories of embodied cognition before we have a unified theory. The purpose of this paper is to examine the four theories of embodied cognition as a research program in cognitive science and to draw a conceptual map of the embodied cognition. In section 2, this paper will discuss the background from which theories of embodied cognition have emerged in cognitive science. In section 3, this paper will discuss and compare the so-called “4 E’s,” the four theories of embodied cognition ―namely, theoriesof embodied cognition in a narrow sense, extended cognition, embedded cognition, and enactive cognition. In section 4, this paper will suggest a concept map of the embodied cognition that mirrors the previous discussions and also suggest a brief prospect of embodimentism as a research program.
Abstract
Since the advent of cognitive science, it has been dominated by two research programs: symbolism and connectionism. These programs have made possible the understanding of human cognition in a scientific way, but they have also been gradually understood as separating living cognition from the body and its environment by considering cognition as a form of computer program or as a pattern of activities in a massive neural network. Recently, a new research program, the theory of embodied cognition, has been emerging and is being discussed actively in cognitive science. At the present stage, the theory of embodied cognition does not have the systematicity of academic theory but remains only a set of theories, and its elements have different names. It is necessary to draw a conceptual map for those theories of embodied cognition before we have a unified theory. The purpose of this paper is to examine the four theories of embodied cognition as a research program in cognitive science and to draw a conceptual map of the embodied cognition. In section 2, this paper will discuss the background from which theories of embodied cognition have emerged in cognitive science. In section 3, this paper will discuss and compare the so-called “4 E’s,” the four theories of embodied cognition ―namely, theoriesof embodied cognition in a narrow sense, extended cognition, embedded cognition, and enactive cognition. In section 4, this paper will suggest a concept map of the embodied cognition that mirrors the previous discussions and also suggest a brief prospect of embodimentism as a research program.
참고문헌 (30)
- Adams, Fred, "The Bounds of Cognition" (2008), Blackwell
- Anderson, John R, "The Architecture of Cognition" (1995), Lawrence Erlbaum
- Bechtel, William, "Connectionism and the Mind" (2002), Blackwell
- Block, Ned, "Behaviorism Revisited", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, pp.977~978 (2001)
- Clark, Andy, "The Extended Mind", pp.81~99 (2010), MIT Press
- Clark, Andy, "The Extended Mind", Analysis, 58, pp.7~19 (1998)
- Clark, Andy, "Sensorimotor Chauvinism?", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(5), pp.979~980 (2001)
- Fodor, Jerry, "The Language of Thought" (1975), MIT Press
- Gibson, James J, "Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing" (1977), Lawrence Erlbaum
- Harnad, Stevan, "The Symbol Grounding Problem", Physica, D42, pp.335~346 (1990)
- Hutchins, Edwin, "Cognition in the Wild" (1995), MIT Press
- Kiverstein, Julian, "Introduction: Mind Embodied, Embedded, Enacted: One Church or Many?", Topoi, 28, pp.1~7 (2009)
- Lakatos, Imre, "The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes, Philosophical Papers. Vol. 1" (1978), Cambridge UP
- Lakoff, George, "Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought" (1999), Basic Books
- Marr, David, "Vision" (1982), W. H. Freeman & Co
- McClland, James, "Parallel Distributed Processing. Vol. 2" (1986), MIT Press
- McCulloch, Warren, "A Logical Calculus for the Idea as Immanent in Nervous Activity", Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 5, pp.115~133 (1943)
- Menary, Richard, "Introduction to the Special Issue on 4E Cognition", Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 9, pp.459~463 (2010)
- Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, "The Structure of Behavior" (1964), Beacon Press
- Newell, Allen, "Computer Science as Empirical Enquiry: Symbols and Search", Communications of the ACM, 19(3), pp.113~126 (1976)
- Newell, Allen, "Foundations of Cognitive Science", pp.93~132 (1989), MIT Press
- Noë, Alva, "Action in Perception" (2004), MIT Press
- O’Regan, John K, "A Sensorimotor Account of Vision and Visual Consciousness", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(5), pp.883~917 (2001)
- 이영의, "확장된 마음 이론의 쟁점들", 철학논집, 31, pp.29~54 (2012), 철학연구소
- Rosenblatt, Frank, "The Perceptron: A Probabilistic Model for Information Storage and Organization in the Brain", Psychological Review, 65, pp.368~408 (1958)
- Rowlands, Mark, "The New Science of the Mind" (2010), MIT Press
- Rupert, Robert, "Challenges to the Hypothesis of Extended Cognition", Journal of Philosophy, 101, pp.389~428 (2004)
- Searle, John, "Minds, Brains, and Programs", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(3), pp.417~424 (1980)
- Shapiro, Lawrence, "The Mind Incarnate" (2004), MIT Press
- Varela, Francisco, "The Embodied Mind" (1991), MIT Press