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Metathesis in Syrian Arabic: Types and Conditioning Factors

Rania Habib
언어연구소 (Language Research Institute)|2022.03|Journal of Universal Language|제23권 제1호|pp. 1-34

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참고문헌

키워드

reversed metathesisSyrian Arabicphonologically conditionedmorpho-phonologically conditionedprosodic weightmoriacstress assignmentgemination
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초록

This study explores metathesis in Syrian Arabic (SyA). The data reveal two types of metatheses. Type-I is phonologically conditioned, involving at least one of the four root consonants, ʒ, f, ʕ and ћ with the fricatives (z, s), liquids (l, r) or gutturals (q/ʔ) in specific positions within the root regardless of word derivation. Type-II is morpho-phonologically conditioned, involving Standard Arabic reflexive Pattern VIII, (ʔi)ftaʕal, that resulted historically from generalized metathesis of reflexive-t with C1 of the original Proto-Aramaic reflexive Pattern (ʔi)tfaʕal. It occurs in SyA as a reversed metathesis of Pattern VIII with doubling of C2, tfaʕʕal. This reverse metathesis occurs when the root consonant adjacent to reflexive-t is the fricative (s), pharyngeals (ʕ, ħ) or liquids (l, r). While metathesis results from strictly ranking the Optimality Theoretic LINEARITY constraint lower than LEFT-ANCHOR(t), geminating C2 is explained in terms of prosodic weight of the syllable to maintain stress assignment of the input and verb grammaticality and/or semantic correspondence with the input. Thus, the constraints IDENT(Stress), WEIGHT-BY-POSITIONmust dominateINTEGRITY and *CODA to allow gemination that contributes moriac weight to the penultimate syllable to receive priority stress over final bimoriac heavy syllables.

Abstract

This study explores metathesis in Syrian Arabic (SyA). The data reveal two types of metatheses. Type-I is phonologically conditioned, involving at least one of the four root consonants, ʒ, f, ʕ and ћ with the fricatives (z, s), liquids (l, r) or gutturals (q/ʔ) in specific positions within the root regardless of word derivation. Type-II is morpho-phonologically conditioned, involving Standard Arabic reflexive Pattern VIII, (ʔi)ftaʕal, that resulted historically from generalized metathesis of reflexive-t with C1 of the original Proto-Aramaic reflexive Pattern (ʔi)tfaʕal. It occurs in SyA as a reversed metathesis of Pattern VIII with doubling of C2, tfaʕʕal. This reverse metathesis occurs when the root consonant adjacent to reflexive-t is the fricative (s), pharyngeals (ʕ, ħ) or liquids (l, r). While metathesis results from strictly ranking the Optimality Theoretic LINEARITY constraint lower than LEFT-ANCHOR(t), geminating C2 is explained in terms of prosodic weight of the syllable to maintain stress assignment of the input and verb grammaticality and/or semantic correspondence with the input. Thus, the constraints IDENT(Stress), WEIGHT-BY-POSITIONmust dominateINTEGRITY and *CODA to allow gemination that contributes moriac weight to the penultimate syllable to receive priority stress over final bimoriac heavy syllables.

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