코퍼스 분석 기반 ‘給VP’ 試探 — 처치문에서의 사용을 중심으로
A Corpus-based Study of ‘Gei VP’ in Chinese ― Focusing on the use of disposal sentence
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This study analyzed the syntactic distribution characteristics of Gei (给) preceding a verb phrase in the Ba (把) construction from the perspective of 'decausativization (and anticausativization),' reflecting substantial language phenomena based on a corpus. To begin, here are the results of the analysis of the usage of Gei preceding the verb phrase, with a focus on 'Ba N Gei VP' based on the BCC Corpus. Firstly, we analyzed the presence of 'Gei VP' in the corpus to identify the independent function of Gei preceding the verb phrase. As a result, it was evident that the use of 'Gei VP' is prevalent without Ba/Bei. Furthermore, it was confirmed that 'Gei VP' is primarily used in spoken language, as indicated by its distribution across registers. Secondly, we examined the types and frequencies of 'VP' used in the 'Ba...Gei VP' construction to gain insight into the characteristics of 'Gei VP' in disposal sentences. Consequently, all types of complements were found to be used, with resultative complements being the most frequently employed as predicate components. Thirdly, we analyzed the distribution characteristics of main argument structures present in 'Ba...Gei VP' by categorizing them into subjects and objects. As a result, various entities, including persons, human bodies, animate and inanimate objects, and circumstances, were used as objects. On the other hand, 'Non-subject' constituted 40% of the total examples of subject argument structures, followed by first-person pronouns, second-person pronouns, third-person pronouns, human noun phrases, and inanimate noun phrases. Based on the corpus analysis results, the following considerations were made regarding the relationship between Gei preceding the verb phrase and the Ba construction: The primary function of Gei preceding the verb phrase is proposed as a marker of decausativization. Consequently, we argue that the combination of Gei, serving as a marker of decausativization that expresses the affected event experienced by the patient by deleting or de-focusing the agent of the sentence, with the Ba construction which elevates the communicative ranks of the patient as a means of highlighting them, is highly natural. This argument is supported by the corpus analysis results of this study, which indicate that non-subject sentences constitute approximately 40% of the total. In other words, speakers can confirm the primary object of empathy by inserting Gei as a decausativization marker, deleting or de-focusing the agent, and highlighting the patient as the center argument confirmed as the object of disposal using Ba.
Abstract
This study analyzed the syntactic distribution characteristics of Gei (给) preceding a verb phrase in the Ba (把) construction from the perspective of 'decausativization (and anticausativization),' reflecting substantial language phenomena based on a corpus. To begin, here are the results of the analysis of the usage of Gei preceding the verb phrase, with a focus on 'Ba N Gei VP' based on the BCC Corpus. Firstly, we analyzed the presence of 'Gei VP' in the corpus to identify the independent function of Gei preceding the verb phrase. As a result, it was evident that the use of 'Gei VP' is prevalent without Ba/Bei. Furthermore, it was confirmed that 'Gei VP' is primarily used in spoken language, as indicated by its distribution across registers. Secondly, we examined the types and frequencies of 'VP' used in the 'Ba...Gei VP' construction to gain insight into the characteristics of 'Gei VP' in disposal sentences. Consequently, all types of complements were found to be used, with resultative complements being the most frequently employed as predicate components. Thirdly, we analyzed the distribution characteristics of main argument structures present in 'Ba...Gei VP' by categorizing them into subjects and objects. As a result, various entities, including persons, human bodies, animate and inanimate objects, and circumstances, were used as objects. On the other hand, 'Non-subject' constituted 40% of the total examples of subject argument structures, followed by first-person pronouns, second-person pronouns, third-person pronouns, human noun phrases, and inanimate noun phrases. Based on the corpus analysis results, the following considerations were made regarding the relationship between Gei preceding the verb phrase and the Ba construction: The primary function of Gei preceding the verb phrase is proposed as a marker of decausativization. Consequently, we argue that the combination of Gei, serving as a marker of decausativization that expresses the affected event experienced by the patient by deleting or de-focusing the agent of the sentence, with the Ba construction which elevates the communicative ranks of the patient as a means of highlighting them, is highly natural. This argument is supported by the corpus analysis results of this study, which indicate that non-subject sentences constitute approximately 40% of the total. In other words, speakers can confirm the primary object of empathy by inserting Gei as a decausativization marker, deleting or de-focusing the agent, and highlighting the patient as the center argument confirmed as the object of disposal using Ba.
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