西周及春秋战国时期的状中结构 - 兼论状语结构隐含的时间属性

Abstract

Adverbial Modifier Structure in Western Zhou and Chunqiu Zhanguo Period He Wei․Jang, Tae-Won When analyzed semantically, there are three types of adverbial in the adverbial modifier structure in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Chunqiu and Zhanguo Period: restrictive adverbial, descriptive adverbial, and adverbial of accompanying action. These three adverbials show different temporal features in sentence structure. The restrictive adverbial is timeless, whereas the descriptive adverbial and the adverbial of accompanying action share temporal features. While the descriptive adverbialshas no significance of time starting point, the adverbials of accompanying action contains significance of time starting point. In syntactic analysis, the adverbial modifier structure in the Western Zhou Dynasty contains both the pattern AV and the pattern AOV. All three adverbials can appear in the pattern AV, butthe adverbial in the pattern AOV usually represents the accompanying action. The adverbial modifier with the restrictive has followed the pattern AV from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Chunqiu and Zhanguo Period and the Modern Chinese. While the adverbial modifier structure with the descriptive adverbial formed the pattern A而V in Chunqiu and Zhanguo period, the adverbial modifier structure with adverbial of accompanying action made pattern AO而V in the same period. And the original form of the pattern AV and the pattern AO而V were still used in Chunqiu and Zhanguo period. According to the statistical data of Mencius which is analyzed by the writer, adjectival words were mostly used in the pattern AV and most of verbal words were included in pattern A而V and pattern AO而V. The western Zhou Dynasty also has the serial verb sentence in which the type of structure is ambiguous. In terms of semantic relations between verbs, the adverbial modifier structure seems to be close to the serial verb sentence. The remnant of the serial verb sentence were“望见”and “传食” used in the Chunqiu and Zhanguo Period.