『地理直指原眞』의 天盤縫針과 자편각 연구

Abstract

It is not clear when the art of the cardinal directions was adopted by the pungsoo geography, due to lack of the historical documents, but it has been a long ago through the old tomb, which had been excavated, named as ‘Puyang the Ancient Tomb’, which has structure, the arc form symbolized as the heaven, the square bottom symbolized as the earth, further more the tiger formed with the shells at the right side of the dead and the dragon formed with the shells at left side. For these matters we surely came to know the concept about the right and left side, up the sky and down the earth, which was created and improved surely early. By perceiving the directions, the compass was made to know how to re-find the site promised, or to find a new way. With combining the astronomy and geography the eight directions had been divided and confirmed. Dividing these eight directions into 24 directions in detail. The idea of ‘Yi(易)’ is adopted into the pungsoo geography, the idea as the unmoving mountain was considered as the ‘early heaven’, the moving water was considered as the ‘latter heaven’. By dividing the heaven and earth, the earthly compass was designed to measure the unmoving things, the heavenly compass was also designed later. In the beginning of the pungsoo geography to measure the mountains and hills, the ‘earthly compass’ only was designed and used, and later by perceiving the change of the magnetic north, the ‘heavenly compass’ was designed and started to use for complimenting the lacking point of the ‘earthly compass’. The history of the compass and ‘Luo Jing(羅經)’ have been such long, but there are rare documents recorded or studied on these. Yang Jun Song(楊筠松) who designed the ‘heavenly compass’ did not leave how to use or what the basic theory was. Shen Kuo(沈括) had mentioned in his book, named as 『Meng Xi Bi Tan(夢溪筆談)』. Even it was recorded a thousand years ago on the magnetic declination but the record about the relation with pungsoo geography is few or not. After long time Che Ying(徹瑩), the buddhist monk who wrote the book, named as 『Di Li Zhi Zhi Yuan Zhen(地理直指原眞)』 with the explanation about the ‘heavenly compass’ and the way how to use it. And he also had examined the old tombs formed by Yang Jun Song(楊筠松), Liu Qing Tian(劉靑田) etc. This study tries to introduce the 『Di Li Zhi Zhi Yuan Zhen(地理直指原眞)』 which has never been studied by anybody till now and is to study the ‘heavenly compass’.