曹魏時期 中軍과 高平陵 政變

Abstract

The Sima-yi(司馬懿)‘s coup de'tat, which broke out in AD 249, paved the way for dynastic change from Wei(魏) to West-Jin(西晉). Many scholars explained this coup de'tat as a power struggle between aristocracy and state. But this essay emphasize on military circumstance. The details as follows. First, the Central army(中軍), which means the capital garrison, nominally had six barracks. Among six, the Wu-wei(武衛) barrack was the core. Xu-zhu(許褚) and Cao-shuang(曹爽) commanded that as a Wu-wei general(武衛將軍). And fifteen commandants, includes four chief, led them. Five old barracks, since Han(漢) times, became one and another five appeared in order under the Cao-cao(曹操)‘s rule. Second, For fifteen commandants 91 persons appointed in the whole Wei period. (include Cao-cao period) Members of royal family and power holders were commandants in chief. And some emperor's maternal relations nominated general commandants as an honorary post. Third, In Wei times, Wei(魏)-Wu(吳) or Wei-Shu(蜀) war was serious in out side. Even Emperor often departed for the front, so it was natural that the Central army(中軍) was not consolidated. This explains why Sima-yi took the power so easily. Fourth, after Cao-shuang took power, he built up the Central army's strength and possessed it exclusively. It drove a formidable rival Sima-yi into a corner. The Cental army's barrack located inside the city. So Sima-yi could capture the capital quickly, when the chief commandants, including Cao-shuang, went to the royal shrine outside the city. Cao-shuang had little army to struggle over there.