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안면화염혈관종 환자에서의 녹내장 발생양상 및 치료

Clinical Presentation and the Treatment of Glaucoma in Patients with a Facial Port-wine Stain

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목적: 안면화염혈관종 환자의 녹내장 발생여부 및 시기, 치료방법에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 2000년 1월부터 2016년 8월까지 안면화염혈관종 환자 58명 116안을 대상으로 후향적으로 의무기록을 분석하였다. 환자들의 초진 시 연령, 시신경유두함몰 비율, 각막 직경 및 안압 상승여부, 녹내장의 발생여부와 시기, 치료 방법 등을 조사하였다. 녹내장이 발생한 눈과 녹내장이 발생하지 않은 눈의 임상적 특징을 비교하였으며, 추가적으로 녹내장이 발생한 눈 중에서 수술을 받은 눈과 그렇지 않은 눈으로 나누어 그 차이를 비교하였다. 결과: 안면화염혈관종 환자 58명 116안 중에서 녹내장을 진단 받은 것은 38명 46안(39.66%)이었고, 이 중에서 녹내장 수술을 시행한 경우는 26명 27안(58.69%)이었다. 대상환자 58명 중 19명(32.76%)에서 경련, 발달지연, 정신지체, 편마비 등의 신경학적 증상을 동반하고, 32명(55.17%)에서 스터지-웨버증후군을 진단 받았다. 안면화염혈관종과 연관된 녹내장은 2세 이전에 대부분 발병하였고(85.61%), 모든 환자에서 녹내장이 발생한 눈과 같은 방향에서 안면화염혈관종을 보였다. 녹내장 수술의 평균 횟수는 1.55 ± 0.93회로 첫 수술로 섬유주절개술 7안(25.93%), 섬유주절제술 5안(18.52%), 섬유주절개술 및 섬유주절제술의 병합 13안(48.15%), 방수유출장치삽입술 2안(7.41%)을 시행하였다. 첫 수술나이는 평균 35.14 ± 50.91개월이었고, 27안 중에서 18안(66.67%)은 수술 후 안압이 21 mmHg 미만으로 조절되었으나 9안(33.33%)은 안압 상승으로 추가적인 녹내장 수술을 시행하였다. 결론: 안면화염혈관종 환자에서는 안압이 상승하거나 녹내장이 동반될 수 있으므로 정기적인 안과검진이 필요하다. 또한 발생하는 녹내장은 약물치료에도 안압을 조절하기 어려운 경우가 있으며, 이 경우 적절한 녹내장 수술 시행이 필요하다.

Abstract

Purpose: To characterize the development of glaucoma, age of glaucoma onset, and treatments for patients with a facial port-wine stain (PWS). Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 58 patients (116 eyes) with facial PWS between January 2000 and August 2016. We noted patients’ age at the initial examination, cup-to-disc ratio, corneal diameter, occurrence of ocular hypertension, development of glaucoma, age of glaucoma onset, and treatments. We compared the clinical features of eyes that developed glaucoma with those that did not develop glaucoma. Among those eyes with glaucoma, we investigated the differences between eyes that underwent surgery and those that did not undergo surgery. Results: Among the 58 patients with a facial PWS (116 eyes), glaucoma was diagnosed in 38 patients (46 eyes; 39.66%). Of these, 26 patients (27 eyes; 58.69%) underwent glaucoma surgery. PWS-associated glaucoma usually developed by the age of 2 years (85.61%). In all patients, glaucoma developed on the same side of the face as the PWS. Of the 58 patients, 19 (32.76%) showed neurological symptoms, including seizures, developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, or hemiplegia, and 32 (55.17%) were diagnosed with Sturge-Weber syndrome. The mean number of glaucoma surgeries was 1.55 ± 0.93. The initial surgery included trabeculectomy (7 eyes), trabeculotomy (5 eyes), combined trabeculotomy/trabeculectomy (13 eyes), and aqueous drainage device insertion (2 eyes). The mean age at the first surgery was 35.14 ± 50.91 months. In 18 of 27 eyes (66.67%), the postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was controlled to below 21 mmHg, but 9 eyes (33.33%) showed elevated IOP and required a reoperation. Conclusions: PWS can be accompanied by ocular hypertension or glaucoma, so patients require regular ophthalmic examinations. When glaucoma occurs, it often does not respond to medication, making it difficult in some cases to control the IOP, so appropriate glaucoma surgery is necessary.

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