High-Carbohydrate Diets and Food Patterns and Their Associations with Metabolic Disease in the Korean Population
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Purpose: Although an Asian diet is typically high in carbohydrate and low in fat, there has been a steady increase in the rate ofcardiometabolic disease in Asian countries over the past decade. We evaluated food patterns of a high-carbohydrate diet and examinedtheir associations with metabolic disease. Materials and Methods: Using data from the 2013−2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we includeda total of 13106 subjects aged 20 years or older in this study. Diet was divided into seven groups according to the percentage of energyfrom carbohydrates. Food patterns were evaluated as individual servings per food group. Multivariate logistic regression wasconducted to estimate odds ratios (OR) for metabolic disease. Results: The proportions of men and women exceeding the recommended range of carbohydrate intake were 58.0% and 60.0%,respectively. A higher carbohydrate diet was associated with intake of low energy and saturated fats, with more grains and fruit,but less meat, fish, egg, bean (MFEB), and dairy consumption. Carbohydrate intake decreased by 3.0−3.4% per serving of MFEBand milk. In men, the highest carbohydrate group showed an OR of 1.35 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91 to 1.99] for metabolicsyndrome, although this failed to show statistical significance. In women, the highest carbohydrate group had an OR of 1.38 (95%CI, 1.06 to 1.80) for a reduced level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusion: This study suggests that a very-high-carbohydrate diet for the Korean population is attributable to lower consumptionof MFEB and dairy products and is associated with several metabolic risk factors. The appropriate distribution of macronutrientsfor the prevention and management of metabolic disease should be explored.
Abstract
Purpose: Although an Asian diet is typically high in carbohydrate and low in fat, there has been a steady increase in the rate ofcardiometabolic disease in Asian countries over the past decade. We evaluated food patterns of a high-carbohydrate diet and examinedtheir associations with metabolic disease. Materials and Methods: Using data from the 2013−2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we includeda total of 13106 subjects aged 20 years or older in this study. Diet was divided into seven groups according to the percentage of energyfrom carbohydrates. Food patterns were evaluated as individual servings per food group. Multivariate logistic regression wasconducted to estimate odds ratios (OR) for metabolic disease. Results: The proportions of men and women exceeding the recommended range of carbohydrate intake were 58.0% and 60.0%,respectively. A higher carbohydrate diet was associated with intake of low energy and saturated fats, with more grains and fruit,but less meat, fish, egg, bean (MFEB), and dairy consumption. Carbohydrate intake decreased by 3.0−3.4% per serving of MFEBand milk. In men, the highest carbohydrate group showed an OR of 1.35 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91 to 1.99] for metabolicsyndrome, although this failed to show statistical significance. In women, the highest carbohydrate group had an OR of 1.38 (95%CI, 1.06 to 1.80) for a reduced level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusion: This study suggests that a very-high-carbohydrate diet for the Korean population is attributable to lower consumptionof MFEB and dairy products and is associated with several metabolic risk factors. The appropriate distribution of macronutrientsfor the prevention and management of metabolic disease should be explored.
참고문헌 (42)
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