Determination of Optimized Growth Medium and Cryoprotective Additives to Enhance the Growth and Survival of Lactobacillus salivarius
2
조회
0
다운로드
7
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been intensively investigated in recent decades with special focus on modulation of the host intestinal microbiota. Numerous discoveries of effective probiotics are driven by a significantly increasing demand for dietary supplements. Consequently, technological advances in the large-scale production and lyophilization are needed by probiotic-related industries for producing probiotic LAB for commercial use. Our study had a dual objective, to determine the optimum growth medium composition and to investigate appropriate cryoprotective additives (CPAs) for Lactobacillus salivarius, and compare its responses with other Lactobacillus species. The one-factor-at-a-time method and central composite design were applied to determine the optimal medium composition for L. salivarius cultivation. The following composition of the medium was established (per liter): 21.64 g maltose, 85 g yeast extract, 1.21 ml Tween 80, 6 g sodium acetate, 0.2 g MgSO4∙7H2O, 0.02 g MnSO4∙H2O, 1 g K2HPO4, 1.5 g KH2PO4, 0.01 g FeSO4∙7H2O, and 1 g sodium citrate. A cryoprotective additive combination comprising 10% (w/v) skim milk and 10% (w/v) sucrose supplemented with 2.5% (w/v) sodium glutamate was selected for L. salivarius, and its effectiveness was confirmed using culture-independent methods in the freeze-dried cells of the Lactobacillus strains. In conclusion, the optimized medium enhanced the species-specific cultivation of L. salivarius. On the other hand, the cryoprotective effects of the selected CPA mixture may also be dependent on the bacterial strain. This study highlights the necessity for precise and advanced processing techniques for large-scale production of probiotics in the food and feed industries.
Abstract
The beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been intensively investigated in recent decades with special focus on modulation of the host intestinal microbiota. Numerous discoveries of effective probiotics are driven by a significantly increasing demand for dietary supplements. Consequently, technological advances in the large-scale production and lyophilization are needed by probiotic-related industries for producing probiotic LAB for commercial use. Our study had a dual objective, to determine the optimum growth medium composition and to investigate appropriate cryoprotective additives (CPAs) for Lactobacillus salivarius, and compare its responses with other Lactobacillus species. The one-factor-at-a-time method and central composite design were applied to determine the optimal medium composition for L. salivarius cultivation. The following composition of the medium was established (per liter): 21.64 g maltose, 85 g yeast extract, 1.21 ml Tween 80, 6 g sodium acetate, 0.2 g MgSO4∙7H2O, 0.02 g MnSO4∙H2O, 1 g K2HPO4, 1.5 g KH2PO4, 0.01 g FeSO4∙7H2O, and 1 g sodium citrate. A cryoprotective additive combination comprising 10% (w/v) skim milk and 10% (w/v) sucrose supplemented with 2.5% (w/v) sodium glutamate was selected for L. salivarius, and its effectiveness was confirmed using culture-independent methods in the freeze-dried cells of the Lactobacillus strains. In conclusion, the optimized medium enhanced the species-specific cultivation of L. salivarius. On the other hand, the cryoprotective effects of the selected CPA mixture may also be dependent on the bacterial strain. This study highlights the necessity for precise and advanced processing techniques for large-scale production of probiotics in the food and feed industries.
참고문헌 (65)
- Ljungh A, "Lactic acid bacteria as probiotics", Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiol., 7, pp.73~89 (2006)
- Holzapfel WH, "Introduction to the LAB;Lactic Acid Bacteria – Biodiversity and Taxonomy", pp.1~12 (2014), John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Serban DE, "Gastrointestinal cancers: influence of gut microbiota, probiotics and prebiotics", Cancer Lett., 345, pp.258~270 (2014)[DOI]
- Dahiya DK, "Gut microbiota modulation and its relationship with obesity using prebiotic fibers and probiotics: a review", Front. Microbiol., 8, pp.563~ (2017)[DOI]
- Sanchez B, "Probiotics, gut microbiota, and their influence on host health and disease", Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 61, pp.1600240~ (2017)[DOI]
- Marchesi JR, "The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier", Gut, 65, pp.330~339 (2016)[DOI]
- van den Elsen LW, "Embracing the gut microbiota: the new frontier for inflammatory and infectious diseases", Clin. Transl. Immunol., 6, pp.e125~ (2017)[DOI]
- Probiotics dietary supplements market analysis by application (food supplements, nutritional supplements, specialty nutrients, infant formula), by regions (north America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, CSA), and segment forecasts, 2014-2025. Report ID: GVR-1- 68038-380-5, "Grand View Research, Inc.", ~, pp.GVR-1- 68038-380-5 (2017)
- Feighery LM, "Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius 433118 on intestinal inflammation, immunity status and in vitro colon function in two mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease", Dig. Dis. Sci., 53, pp.2495~2506 (2008)[DOI]
- Messaoudi S, "Lactobacillus salivarius: bacteriocin and probiotic activity", Food Microbiol., 36, pp.296~304 (2013)[DOI]
- Murphy EF, "Divergent metabolic outcomes arising from targeted manipulation of the gut microbiota in diet- induced obesity", Gut, 62, pp.220~226 (2013)[DOI]
- 진귀득, "Draft genome sequence of Lactobacillus salivarius KLW001 isolated from a weaning piglet", 미생물학회지, 53(2), pp.134~136 (2017), 한국미생물학회[DOI]
- de Man JD, "A medium for the cultivation of lactobacilli", J. Appl. Bacteriol., 23, pp.130~135 (1960)[DOI]
- Chin-Fa Hwang, "Optimization of Medium Composition for Improving Biomass Production of Lactobacillus plantarum Pi06 Using the Taguchi Array Design and the Box-Behnken Method", Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 17(4), pp.827~834 (2012), 한국생물공학회
- Liew SL, "Optimization of medium composition for the production of a probiotic microorganism, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, using response surface methodology", Int. J. Food Microbiol., 102, pp.137~142 (2005)[DOI]
- Tari C, "Optimization of the associative growth of novel yoghurt cultures in the production of biomass, <TEX>${\beta}$<", TEX>-galactosidase and lactic acid using response surface methodology, 2009, pp.19, 236~243
- Lew LC, "Growth optimization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus FTDC 8313 and the production of putative dermal bioactives in the presence of manganese and magnesium ions", J. Appl. Microbiol., 114, pp.526~535 (2013)[DOI]
- Dong Z, "Optimisation for high cell density cultivation of Lactobacillus salivarius BBE 09-18 with response surface methodology", Int. Dairy J., 34, pp.230~236 (2014)[DOI]
- Fahy GM, "Principles of cryopreservation by vitrification;Cryopreservation and freeze-drying protocols", Methods Mol. Biol., 1257, pp.21~82 (2015)
- Ming LC, "Formulation of protective agents for improvement of Lactobacillus salivarius I 24 survival rate subjected to freeze drying for production of live cells in powderized form", Food Bioprocess Technol., 2, pp.431~436 (2009)[DOI]
- Siaterlis A, "Effect of culture medium and cryoprotectants on the growth and survival of probiotic lactobacilli during freeze drying", Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 48, pp.295~301 (2009)[DOI]
- Rault A, "Multiparametric flow cytometry allows rapid assessment and comparison of lactic acid bacteria viability after freezing and during frozen storage", Cryobiology, 55, pp.35~43 (2007)[DOI]
- Kramer M, "Quantification of live and dead probiotic bacteria in lyophilised product by real-time PCR and by flow cytometry", Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 84, pp.1137~1147 (2009)[DOI]
- Berney M, "Assessment and interpretation of bacterial viability by using the LIVE", DEAD BacLight Kit in combination with flow cytometry, 2007, pp.73, 3283~3290
- Pascaud A, "A fluorescence-based assay for measuring the viable cell concentration of mixed microbial communities in soil", J. Microbiol. Methods, 76, pp.81~87 (2009)[DOI]
- Frey DD, "Adaptive one-factor-at-a-time experimentation and expected value of improvement", Technometrics, 48, pp.418~431 (2006)[DOI]
- Yeo S, "Influence of gastrointestinal stress on autoinducer-2 activity of two Lactobacillus species", FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 91, pp.fiv065~ (2015)[DOI]
- Pfeiler EA, "The genomics of lactic acid bacteria", Trends Microbiol., 15, pp.546~553 (2007)[DOI]
- Report of the Joint FAO, "WHO expert consultation on evaluation of health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria", Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001
- Holzapfel W, "Lactobacilli in a healthy diet", Proceedings (Part 1) of the 3rd Karlsruhe Nutrition Symposium: European Research Towards Safer and Better Food, pp.20~32 (1998)
- Hammes WP, "The genera Lactobacillus and Carnobacterium", Prokaryotes, 4, pp.320~403 (2006)
- Aeschlimann A, "The effect of yeast extract supplementation on the production of lactic acid from whey permeate by Lactobacillus helveticus", Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 32, pp.398~402 (1990)[DOI]
- Amrane A, "Influence of yeast extract concentration on batch cultures of Lactobacillus helveticus: growth and production coupling", World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 14, pp.529~534 (1998)[DOI]
- Champagne CP, "Evaluation of yeast extracts as growth media supplements for lactococci and lactobacilli by using automated spectrophotometry", J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 45, pp.17~21 (1999)[DOI]
- Lim CH, "Optimization of growth medium for efficient cultivation of Lactobacillus salivarius I 24 using response surface method", Malays. J. Microbiol., 3, pp.41~47 (2007)
- Arasaratnam V, "Supplementation of whey with glucose and different nitrogen sources for lactic acid production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii", Enzyme Microb. Technol., 19, pp.482~486 (1996)[DOI]
- Yoo IK, "Effect of B vitamin supplementation on lactic acid production by Lactobacillus casei", J. Ferment. Bioeng., 84, pp.172~175 (1997)[DOI]
- Nancib N, "The effect of supplementation by different nitrogen sources on the production of lactic acid from date juice by Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus", Bioresour. Technol., 78, pp.149~153 (2001)[DOI]
- Liu B, "Optimizing L-(+)-lactic acid production by thermophile Lactobacillus plantarum As.1.3 using alternative nitrogen sources with response surface method", Biochem. Eng. J., 52, pp.212~219 (2010)[DOI]
- Gao X, "Determination of an economical medium for growth of Lactobacillus fermentum using response surface methodology", Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 49, pp.556~561 (2009)[DOI]
- Mokhtari A, "Enterococcus faecalis utilizes maltose by connecting two incompatible metabolic routes via a novel maltose-6'-phosphate phosphatase (MapP)", Mol. Microbiol., 88, pp.234~253 (2013)[DOI]
- Srivastava AK, "Production, optimization and characterization of lactic acid by Lactobacillus delbrueckii NCIM 2025 from utilizing agro-industrial byproduct (cane molasses)", J. Food Sci. Technol., 52, pp.3571~3578 (2015)
- Sriphannam W, "Medium component improvement for <TEX>${\beta}$<", TEX>-galactosidase production by a probiotic strain Lactobacillus fermentum CM33, 2012, pp.11, 11242~11251
- Jacques NA, "Effect of Tween 80 on the morphology and physiology of Lactobacillus salivarius strain IV CL-37 grown in a chemostat under glucose limitation", J. Gen. Microbiol., 119, pp.195~201 (1980)
- Corcoran BM, "Growth of probiotic lactobacilli in the presence of oleic acid enhances subsequent survival in gastric juice", Microbiology, 153, pp.291~299 (2007)[DOI]
- Carvalho AS, "Relevant factors for the preparation of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria", Int. Dairy J., 14, pp.835~847 (2004)[DOI]
- Carvalho AS, "Effect of various growth media upon survival during storage of freeze-dried Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus durans", J. Appl. Microbiol., 94, pp.947~952 (2003)[DOI]
- Chen H, "Effects of carbon sources and prebiotics added to growth media on proliferation and survival of Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB6 during freeze-drying", J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 6, pp.894~899 (2014)
- van de Guchte M, "Stress responses in lactic acid bacteria", Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 82, pp.187~216 (2002)[DOI]
- Reddy KBPK, "Role of cryoprotectants on the viability and functional properties of probiotic lactic acid bacteria during freeze drying", Food Biotechnol., 23, pp.243~265 (2009)[DOI]
- Juarez Tomas MS, "Stability of freeze-dried vaginal Lactobacillus strains in the presence of different lyoprotectors", Can. J. Microbiol., 55, pp.544~552 (2009)[DOI]
- Li B, "Effects of cryoprotectants on viability of Lactobacillus reuteri CICC6226", Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 92, pp.609~616 (2011)[DOI]
- Zhao G, "Effect of protective agents, freezing temperature, rehydration media on viability of malolactic bacteria subjected to freeze-drying", J. Appl. Microbiol., 99, pp.333~338 (2005)[DOI]
- Crowe JH, "Interactions of sugars with membranes", Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 947, pp.367~384 (1988)[DOI]
- Hubalek Z, "Protectants used in the cryopreservation of microorganisms", Cryobiology, 46, pp.205~229 (2003)[DOI]
- Morichi T, "Protective effect of glutamic acid and related compounds on bacterial cells subjected to freeze-drying", J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 9, pp.149~161 (1963)[DOI]
- Coulibaly I, "The resistance to freeze-drying and to storage was determined as the cellular ability to recover its survival rate and acidification activity", Int. J. Microbiol., 625239, pp.1~9 (2010)
- Gilliland SE, "Frozen concentrated cultures of lactic starter bacteria. A review", J. Milk Food Technol., 37, pp.107~111 (1974)[DOI]
- Smittle RB, "Relationship of cellular fatty acid composition to survival of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in liquid nitrogen", Appl. Microbiol., 27, pp.738~743 (1974)
- Kell DB, "Viability and activity in readily culturable bacteria: a review and discussion of the practical issues", Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 73, pp.169~187 (1998)[DOI]
- Davis C, "Enumeration of probiotic strains: review of culture-dependent and alternative techniques to quantify viable bacteria", J. Microbiol. Methods, 103, pp.9~17 (2014)[DOI]
- Yao AA, "Production of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria starter culture for cassava fermentation into gari", Afr. J. Biotechnol., 8, pp.4996~5004 (2009)
- Lee SB, "Effects of protectant and rehydration conditions on the survival rate and malolactic fermentation efficiency of freeze-dried Lactobacillus plantarum JH287", Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 100, pp.7853~7863 (2016)[DOI]
- Radulovic Z, "Quantification of viable spray-dried potential probiotic lactobacilli using real-time PCR", Arch. Biol. Sci., 64, pp.1465~1472 (2012)[DOI]
