Comparison of Different Gum-Based Thickeners Using a Viscometer and Line Spread Test: A Preliminary Study
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Objective To compare fluid thickeners composed of starch polysaccharide (STA), guar gum-based polysaccharide (UA), and xanthan gum-based polysaccharide (XAN) with the use of a viscometer and a line spread test (LST) under various measurement conditions.Methods The viscosity of thickened fluid with various concentrations (range, UA 1%-4%, XAN 1%-6%, STA 1%-7%, at intervals of 1%) was measured with a rotational viscometer with various shear rates (1.29 s-1, 5.16 s-1, 51.6 s-1, and 103 s-1) at a temperature of 35°C, representing body temperature. The viscosity of STA showed time dependent alteration. So STA was excluded. Viscosities of UA and XAN (range of concentration, UA 1%-3%, XAN 1%-6%, at intervals of 1%) were measured at a room temperature of 20°C. LST was conducted to compare UA and XAN (concentration, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 3.0%) at temperatures of 20°C and 35°C.Results The viscosities of 1% UA and XAN were similar. However, viscosity differences between UA and XAN were gradually larger as concentration increased. The shear thinning effect, the inverse relationship between the viscosity and the shear rate, was more predominant in XAN than in UA. The results of LST were not substantially different from UA and XAN, in spite of the difference in viscosity. However manufacturers’ instructions do not demonstrate the rheological properties of thickeners.Conclusion The viscosities of thickened fluid were different when the measurement conditions changed. Any single measurement might not be sufficient to determine comparable viscosity with different thickeners. Clinical decision for the use of a specific thickener seems to necessitate cautious consideration of results from a viscometer, LST, and an expert’s opinion.
Abstract
Objective To compare fluid thickeners composed of starch polysaccharide (STA), guar gum-based polysaccharide (UA), and xanthan gum-based polysaccharide (XAN) with the use of a viscometer and a line spread test (LST) under various measurement conditions.Methods The viscosity of thickened fluid with various concentrations (range, UA 1%-4%, XAN 1%-6%, STA 1%-7%, at intervals of 1%) was measured with a rotational viscometer with various shear rates (1.29 s-1, 5.16 s-1, 51.6 s-1, and 103 s-1) at a temperature of 35°C, representing body temperature. The viscosity of STA showed time dependent alteration. So STA was excluded. Viscosities of UA and XAN (range of concentration, UA 1%-3%, XAN 1%-6%, at intervals of 1%) were measured at a room temperature of 20°C. LST was conducted to compare UA and XAN (concentration, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 3.0%) at temperatures of 20°C and 35°C.Results The viscosities of 1% UA and XAN were similar. However, viscosity differences between UA and XAN were gradually larger as concentration increased. The shear thinning effect, the inverse relationship between the viscosity and the shear rate, was more predominant in XAN than in UA. The results of LST were not substantially different from UA and XAN, in spite of the difference in viscosity. However manufacturers’ instructions do not demonstrate the rheological properties of thickeners.Conclusion The viscosities of thickened fluid were different when the measurement conditions changed. Any single measurement might not be sufficient to determine comparable viscosity with different thickeners. Clinical decision for the use of a specific thickener seems to necessitate cautious consideration of results from a viscometer, LST, and an expert’s opinion.
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