Ginsan Enhances Humoral Antibody Response to Orally Delivered Antigen
2
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
There have been several reports describing the capability of ginseng extracts as an adjuvant. In this study,we tested if ginsan, a polysaccharide extracted from Panax ginseng, was effective in enhancing antibody response to orally delivered Salmonella antigen. Methods: Ginsan was treated before oral salmonella antigen administration. Salmonella specific antibody was determined by ELISA. mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. Cell migration was determined by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. COX expression was detected by western blot. Results: Ginsan treatment before oral Salmonella antigen delivery significantly increased both secretory and serum antibody production. Ginsan increased the expression of COX in the Peyer’s patches. Various genes were screened and we found that CCL3 mRNA expression was increased in the Peyer’s patch. Ginsan increased dendritic cells in the Peyer’s patch and newly migrated dendritic cells were mostly found in the subepithelial dome region. When COX inhibitors were treated, the expression of CCL3 was reduced. COX inhibitor also antagonized both the migration of dendritic cells and the humoral immune response against oral Salmonella antigen. Conclusion: Ginsan effectively enhances the humoral immune response to orally delivered antigen, mediated by CCL3 via COX. Ginsan may serve as a potent vaccine suppliment for oral immunization.
Abstract
There have been several reports describing the capability of ginseng extracts as an adjuvant. In this study,we tested if ginsan, a polysaccharide extracted from Panax ginseng, was effective in enhancing antibody response to orally delivered Salmonella antigen. Methods: Ginsan was treated before oral salmonella antigen administration. Salmonella specific antibody was determined by ELISA. mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. Cell migration was determined by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. COX expression was detected by western blot. Results: Ginsan treatment before oral Salmonella antigen delivery significantly increased both secretory and serum antibody production. Ginsan increased the expression of COX in the Peyer’s patches. Various genes were screened and we found that CCL3 mRNA expression was increased in the Peyer’s patch. Ginsan increased dendritic cells in the Peyer’s patch and newly migrated dendritic cells were mostly found in the subepithelial dome region. When COX inhibitors were treated, the expression of CCL3 was reduced. COX inhibitor also antagonized both the migration of dendritic cells and the humoral immune response against oral Salmonella antigen. Conclusion: Ginsan effectively enhances the humoral immune response to orally delivered antigen, mediated by CCL3 via COX. Ginsan may serve as a potent vaccine suppliment for oral immunization.
참고문헌 (30)
- Plotkin SA, "Vaccines: past, present and future", Nat Med, 11(4), pp.S5~S11 (2005)
- Brokstad KA, "Parenteral vaccination against influenza does not induce a local antigen-specific immune response in the nasal mucosa", J Infect Dis, 185, pp.878~884 (2002)
- Tzianabos AO, "Polysaccharide immunomodulators as therapeutic agents: structural aspects and biologic function", Clin Microbiol Rev, 13, pp.523~533 (2000)
- Wasser SP, "Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides", Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 60, pp.258~274 (2002)
- Lu J, "Ginseng compounds: an update on their molecular mechanisms and medical applications", Curr Vasc Pharmacol, 7, pp.293~302 (2009)
- Rivera E, "Ginseng and aluminium hydroxide act synergistically as vaccine adjuvants", Vaccine, 21, pp.1149~1157 (2003)
- Hu S, "Adjuvant effect of ginseng extracts on the immune responses to immunisation against Staphylococcus aureus in dairy cattle", Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 91, pp.29~37 (2003)
- Rivera E, "Ginseng extract in aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccines improves the antibody response of pigs to porcine parvovirus and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae", Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 91, pp.19~27 (2003)
- "Drugs Exp Clin Res", 1996, 65~72
- Ahn JY, "The immunomodulator ginsan induces resistance to experimental sepsis by inhibiting Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory signals", Eur J Immunol, 36, pp.37~45 (2006)
- Han Y, "Modulation of radiation-induced disturbances of antioxidant defense systems by ginsan", Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2, pp.529~536 (2005)
- Ivanova T, "Antimutagenic effect of polysaccharide ginsan extracted from Panax ginseng", Food Chem Toxicol, 44, pp.517~523 (2006)
- Kim KH, "Acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng, ginsan, induces Th1 cell and macrophage cytokines and generates LAK cells in synergy with rIL-2", Planta Med, 64, pp.110~115 (1998)
- Shin JY, "Immunostimulating effects of acidic polysaccharides extract of Panax ginseng on macrophage function", Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 24, pp.469~482 (2002)
- Song JY, "Induction of secretory and tumoricidal activities in peritoneal macrophages by ginsan", Int Immunopharmacol, 2, pp.857~865 (2002)
- Lim YJ, "Suppressive effects of ginsan on the development of allergic reaction in murine asthmatic model", Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 150, pp.32~42 (2009)
- Hee Sam Na, "Protective Effect of Ginsan Against Vibrio vulnificus Infection", Journal of Bacteriology and Virology, 39(2), pp.113~118 (2009), 대한미생물학회
- Sozzani S, "Migration of dendritic cells in response to formyl peptides, C5a, and a distinct set of chemokines", J Immunol, 155, pp.3292~3295 (1995)
- Sozzani S, "Receptor expression and responsiveness of human dendritic cells to a defined set of CC and CXC chemokines", J Immunol, 159, pp.1993~2000 (1997)
- Tanaka A, "Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 by inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1: a key to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced intestinal damage", J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 300, pp.754~761 (2002)
- Rimoldi M, "Uptake and presentation of orally administered antigens", Vaccine, 23, pp.1793~1796 (2005)
- Kraehenbuhl JP, "Epithelial M cells: differentiation and function", Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 16, pp.301~332 (2000)
- Brandtzaeg P, "Regional specialization in the mucosal immune system: what happens in the microcompartments?", Immunol Today, 20, pp.141~151 (1999)
- Cook DN, "CCR6 mediates dendritic cell localization, lymphocyte homeostasis, and immune responses in mucosal tissue", Immunity, 12, pp.495~503 (2000)
- Rhoades ER, "Chemokine response in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis", Infect Immun, 63, pp.3871~3877 (1995)
- Taub DD, "Alpha and beta chemokines induce NK cell migration and enhance NKmediated cytolysis", J Immunol, 155, pp.3877~3888 (1995)
- Rot A, "RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha induce the migration and activation of normal human eosinophil granulocytes", J Exp Med, 176, pp.1489~1495 (1992)
- Zhang Y, "Mobilization of dendritic cell precursors into the circulation by administration of MIP-1alpha in mice", J Natl Cancer Inst, 96, pp.201~209 (2004)
- Lillard JW, "MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta differentially mediate mucosal and systemic adaptive immunity", Blood, 101, pp.807~814 (2003)
- Adams DH, "Aberrant homing of mucosal T cells and extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease", Nat Rev Immunol, 6, pp.244~251 (2006)