Recent Insights into Cellular Crosstalk in Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Mucosal Immune Systems
2
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The human body is continuously threatened by pathogens, and the immune system must maintain a balance between fighting infection and becoming over-activated. Mucosal surfaces cover several anatomically diverse organs throughout the body, such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and are directly exposed to the external environment. Various pathogens invade the body through mucosal surfaces, making the mucosa the frontline of immune defense. The immune systems of various mucosal tissues display distinctive features that reflect the tissues' anatomical and functional characteristics. This review discusses the cellular components that constitute the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts; in particular, it highlights the complex interactions between epithelial and immune cells to induce Ag-specific immune responses in the lung and gut. This information on mucosal immunity may facilitate understanding of the defense mechanisms against infectious agents that invade mucosal surfaces, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and provide insight into effective vaccine development.
Abstract
The human body is continuously threatened by pathogens, and the immune system must maintain a balance between fighting infection and becoming over-activated. Mucosal surfaces cover several anatomically diverse organs throughout the body, such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and are directly exposed to the external environment. Various pathogens invade the body through mucosal surfaces, making the mucosa the frontline of immune defense. The immune systems of various mucosal tissues display distinctive features that reflect the tissues' anatomical and functional characteristics. This review discusses the cellular components that constitute the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts; in particular, it highlights the complex interactions between epithelial and immune cells to induce Ag-specific immune responses in the lung and gut. This information on mucosal immunity may facilitate understanding of the defense mechanisms against infectious agents that invade mucosal surfaces, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and provide insight into effective vaccine development.
참고문헌 (100)
- Brandtzaeg P, "Terminology : nomenclature of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue", Mucosal Immunol, 1, pp.31~37 (2008)
- Macpherson AJ, "The immune geography of IgA induction and function", Mucosal Immunol, 1, pp.11~22 (2008)
- Phalipon A, "Novel functions of the polymeric Ig receptor : well beyond transport of immunoglobulins", Trends Immunol, 24, pp.55~58 (2003)
- Michaud E, "Human secretory IgM : an elusive player in mucosal immunity", Trends Immunol, 41, pp.141~156 (2020)
- Heron M, "Bronchoalveolar lavage cell pattern from healthy human lung", Clin Exp Immunol, 167, pp.523~531 (2012)
- Pyzik M, "The neonatal Fc receptor(FcRn) : a misnomer", Front Immunol, 10, pp.1540~ (2019)
- Chen K, "New insights into the enigma of immunoglobulin D", Immunol Rev, 237, pp.160~179 (2010)
- Chen K, "Rethinking mucosal antibody responses : IgM, IgG and IgD join IgA", Nat Rev Immunol, 20, pp.427~441 (2020)
- Man WH, "The microbiota of the respiratory tract : gatekeeper to respiratory health", Nat Rev Microbiol, 15, pp.259~270 (2017)
- Rackley CR, "Building and maintaining the epithelium of the lung", J Clin Invest, 122, pp.2724~2730 (2012)
- Nanjundappa R, "Regulation of cilia abundance in multiciliated cells", Elife, 8, pp.e44039~ (2019)
- Stripp BR, "Clara cell secretory protein deficiency alters Clara cell secretory apparatus and the protein composition of airway lining fluid", Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 27, pp.170~178 (2002)
- Rock JR, "Basal cells as stem cells of the mouse trachea and human airway epithelium", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, pp.12771~12775 (2009)
- Rock JR, "Notch-dependent differentiation of adult airway basal stem cells", Cell Stem Cell, 8, pp.639~648 (2011)
- Zepp JA, "Cellular crosstalk in the development and regeneration of the respiratory system", Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 20, pp.551~566 (2019)
- Branchfield K, "Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells function as airway sensors to control lung immune response", Science, 351, pp.707~710 (2016)
- Schneider C, "Regulation of immune responses by tuft cells", Nat Rev Immunol, 19, pp.584~593 (2019)
- Plasschaert LW, "A single-cell atlas of the airway epithelium reveals the CFTR-rich pulmonary ionocyte", Nature, 560, pp.377~381 (2018)
- Whitsett JA, "Respiratory epithelial cells orchestrate pulmonary innate immunity", Nat Immunol, 16, pp.27~23 (2015)
- Walker SR, "Immunocytochemical localization of the major surfactant apoproteins in type II cells, Clara cells, and alveolar macrophages of rat lung", J Histochem Cytochem, 34, pp.1137~1148 (1986)
- Barkauskas CE, "Type 2 alveolar cells are stem cells in adult lung", J Clin Invest, 123, pp.3025~3036 (2013)
- Mowat AM, "Regional specialization within the intestinal immune system", Nat Rev Immunol, 14, pp.667~685 (2014)
- Gehart H, "Tales from the crypt : new insights into intestinal stem cells", Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 16, pp.19~34 (2019)
- Barker N, "Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5", Nature, 449, pp.1003~1007 (2007)
- Shroyer NF, "Intestine-specific ablation of mouse atonal homolog 1(Math1)reveals a role in cellular homeostasis", Gastroenterology, 132, pp.2478~2488 (2007)
- Knoop KA, "RANKL is necessary and sufficient to initiate development of antigen-sampling M cells in the intestinal epithelium", J Immunol, 183, pp.5738~5747 (2009)
- Kurashima Y, "Mucosal ecological network of epithelium and immune cells for gut homeostasis and tissue healing", Annu Rev Immunol, 35, pp.119~147 (2017)
- Owen RL, "Epithelial cell specialization within human Peyer's patches : an ultrastructural study of intestinal lymphoid follicles", Gastroenterology, 66, pp.189~203 (1974)
- Mabbott NA, "Microfold(M)cells : important immunosurveillance posts in the intestinal epithelium", Mucosal Immunol, 6, pp.666~677 (2013)
- Kim SH, "The M cell-targeting ligand promotes antigen delivery and induces antigen-specific immune responses in mucosal vaccination", J Immunol, 185, pp.5787~5795 (2010)
- Hase K, "Uptake through glycoprotein 2 of FimH(+)bacteria by M cells initiates mucosal immune response", Nature, 462, pp.226~230 (2009)
- Clevers HC, "Paneth cells : maestros of the small intestinal crypts", Annu Rev Physiol, 75, pp.289~311 (2013)
- Pellegrinet L, "Dll1-and Dll4-mediated notch signaling are required for homeostasis of intestinal stem cells", Gastroenterology, 140, pp.1230~1240 (2011)
- Birchenough GM, "New developments in goblet cell mucus secretion and function", Mucosal Immunol, 8, pp.712~719 (2015)
- Johansson ME, "The inner of the two Muc2mucin-dependent mucus layers in colon is devoid of bacteria", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, pp.15064~15069 (2008)
- Suemori S, "Identification and characterization of rat intestinal trefoil factor : tissue-and cell-specific member of the trefoil protein family", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 88, pp.11017~11021 (1991)
- Yu Y, "Enteroendocrine cells : Sensing gut microbiota and regulating inflammatory bowel diseases", Inflamm Bowel Dis, 26, pp.11~20 (2020)
- Latorre R, "Enteroendocrine cells : a review of their role in brain-gut communication", Neurogastroenterol Motil, 28, pp.620~630 (2016)
- Ting HA, "The immune function of tuft cells at gut mucosal surfaces and beyond", J Immunol, 202, pp.1321~1329 (2019)
- von Moltke J, "Tuft-cell-derived IL-25 regulates an intestinal ILC2-epithelial response circuit", Nature, 529, pp.221~225 (2016)
- Scott CL, "Tissue unit-ed : lung cells team up to drive alveolar macrophage development", Cell, 175, pp.898~900 (2018)
- Rossi RL, "Long-term results of pancreatic resection and segmental pancreatic autotransplantation for chronic pancreatitis", Am J Surg, 159, pp.51~57 (1990)
- Schneider C, "Induction of the nuclear receptor PPAR-γby the cytokine GM-CSF is critical for the differentiation of fetal monocytes into alveolar macrophages", Nat Immunol, 15, pp.1026~1037 (2014)
- Khalil N, "Regulation of alveolar macrophage transforming growth factor-β secretion by corticosteroids in bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation in the rat", J Clin Invest, 92, pp.1812~1818 (1993)
- Mitsi E, "Human alveolar macrophages predominately express combined classical M1 and M2 surface markers in steady state", Respir Res, 19, pp.66~ (2018)
- Chakarov S, "Two distinct interstitial macrophage populations coexist across tissues in specific subtissular niches", Science, 363, pp.eaau0964~ (2019)
- 원혜연, "The Role of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Gut Health", Immune Network, 19(1), pp.1~14 (2019), 대한면역학회[DOI]
- Ivanov II, "Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria", Cell, 139, pp.485~498 (2009)
- Zheng Y, "Interleukin-22 mediates early host defense against attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens", Nat Med, 14, pp.282~289 (2008)
- Sugimoto K, "IL-22 ameliorates intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis", J Clin Invest, 118, pp.534~544 (2008)
- Tsai CH, "Intestinal growth-promoting properties of glucagonlike peptide-2 in mice", Am J Physiol, 273, pp.E77~ (1997)
- Silva YP, "The role of short-chain fatty acids from gut microbiota in gut-brain communication", Front Endocrinol(Lausanne), 11, pp.25~ (2020)
- Ko YT, "Inhibitory effects on response force in the stop-signal paradigm", J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 38, pp.465~477 (2012)
- Kiyono H, "NALT-versus Peyer's-patch-mediated mucosal immunity", Nat Rev Immunol, 4, pp.699~710 (2004)
- Scherzad A, "Current understanding of nasal epithelial cell mis-differentiation", J Inflamm Res, 12, pp.309~317 (2019)
- Chen K, "Immunoglobulin D enhances immune surveillance by activating antimicrobial, proinflammatory and B cell-stimulating programs in basophils", Nat Immunol, 10, pp.889~898 (2009)
- Lee H, "Phenotype and function of nasal dendritic cells", Mucosal Immunol, 8, pp.1083~1098 (2015)
- Pizzolla A, "Nasal-associated lymphoid tissues(NALTs)support the recall but not priming of influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T cells", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 114, pp.5225~5230 (2017)
- Condon TV, "Lung dendritic cells at the innate-adaptive immune interface", J Leukoc Biol, 90, pp.883~895 (2011)
- Guilliams M, "Division of labor between lung dendritic cells and macrophages in the defense against pulmonary infections", Mucosal Immunol, 6, pp.464~473 (2013)
- Ballesteros-Tato A, "Temporal changes in dendritic cell subsets, crosspriming and costimulation via CD70 control CD8(+)T cell responses to influenza", Nat Immunol, 11, pp.216~224 (2010)
- de Heer HJ, "Essential role of lung plasmacytoid dendritic cells in preventing asthmatic reactions to harmless inhaled antigen", J Exp Med, 200, pp.89~98 (2004)
- Kimura S, "Visualization of the entire differentiation process of murine M cells : suppression of their maturation in cecal patches", Mucosal Immunol, 8, pp.650~660 (2015)
- Lorenz RG, "Isolated lymphoid follicles can function as sites for induction of mucosal immune responses", Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1029, pp.44~57 (2004)
- Bouskra D, "Lymphoid tissue genesis induced by commensals through NOD1 regulates intestinal homeostasis", Nature, 456, pp.507~510 (2008)
- Jung C, "Peyer's patches : The immune sensors of the intestine", Int J Inflamm, 2010, pp.823710~ (2010)
- Kobayashi N, "The roles of Peyer's patches and microfold cells in the gut immune system : relevance to autoimmune diseases", Front Immunol, 10, pp.2345~ (2019)
- Jinnohara T, "IL-22BP dictates characteristics of Peyer's patch follicle-associated epithelium for antigen uptake", J Exp Med, 214, pp.1607~1618 (2017)
- Kim SH, "M cells expressing the complement C5a receptor are efficient targets for mucosal vaccine delivery", Eur J Immunol, 41, pp.3219~3229 (2011)
- Iwasaki A, "Immunofluorescence analysis of poliovirus receptor expression in Peyer's patches of humans, primates, and CD155 transgenic mice : implications for poliovirus infection", J Infect Dis, 186, pp.585~592 (2002)
- Shima H, "A novel mucosal vaccine targeting Peyer's patch M cells induces protective antigen-specific IgA responses", Int Immunol, 26, pp.619~625 (2014)
- Kim SH, "C5a receptor targeting of partial non-structural protein 3 of dengue virus promotes antigen-specific IFN-γ-producing T-cell responses in a mucosal dengue vaccine model", Cell Immunol, 325, pp.41~47 (2018)
- Lelouard H, "Peyer's patch dendritic cells sample antigens by extending dendrites through M cell-specific transcellular pores", Gastroenterology, 142, pp.592~601 (2012)
- Cyster JG, "B cell responses : cell interaction dynamics and decisions", Cell, 177, pp.524~540 (2019)
- Chang JE, "Mechanosensing by Peyer's patch stroma regulates lymphocyte migration and mucosal antibody responses", Nat Immunol, 20, pp.1506~1516 (2019)
- McDole JR, "Goblet cells deliver luminal antigen to CD103+dendritic cells in the small intestine", Nature, 483, pp.345~349 (2012)
- Mazzini E, "Oral tolerance can be established via gap junction transfer of fed antigens from CX3CR1+macrophages to CD103+dendritic cells", Immunity, 40, pp.248~261 (2014)
- Reboldi A, "Peyer's patches : organizing B-cell responses at the intestinal frontier", Immunol Rev, 271, pp.230~245 (2016)
- Da Silva C, "The Peyer's patch mononuclear phagocyte system at steady state and during infection", Front Immunol, 8, pp.1254~ (2017)
- Bonnardel J, "Distribution, location, and transcriptional profile of Peyer's patch conventional DC subsets at steady state and under TLR7 ligand stimulation", Mucosal Immunol, 10, pp.1412~1430 (2017)
- Komban RJ, "Activated Peyer's patch B cells sample antigen directly from M cells in the subepithelial dome", Nat Commun, 10, pp.2423~ (2019)
- Biram A, "BCR affinity differentially regulates colonization of the subepithelial dome and infiltration into germinal centers within Peyer's patches", Nat Immunol, 20, pp.482~492 (2019)
- Schwickert TA, "A dynamic T cell-limited checkpoint regulates affinity-dependent B cell entry into the germinal center", J Exp Med, 208, pp.1243~1252 (2011)
- Biram A, "T cell help to B cells : cognate and atypical interactions in peripheral and intestinal lymphoid tissues", Immunol Rev, 296, pp.36~47 (2020)
- Bergqvist P, "Reutilization of germinal centers in multiple Peyer's patches results in highly synchronized, oligoclonal, and affinity-matured gut IgA responses", Mucosal Immunol, 6, pp.122~135 (2013)
- Heesters BA, "Follicular dendritic cells : dynamic antigen libraries", Nat Rev Immunol, 14, pp.495~504 (2014)
- Suzuki K, "The sensing of environmental stimuli by follicular dendritic cells promotes immunoglobulin A generation in the gut", Immunity, 33, pp.71~83 (2010)
- Kim SH, "Cutting edge : LL-37-mediated formyl peptide receptor-2 signaling in follicular dendritic cells contributes to B cell activation in Peyer's patch germinal centers", J Immunol, 198, pp.629~633 (2017)
- Mora JR, "Differentiation and homing of IgA-secreting cells", Mucosal Immunol, 1, pp.96~109 (2008)
- Wang NS, "Divergent transcriptional programming of class-specific B cell memory by T-bet and RORα", Nat Immunol, 13, pp.604~611 (2012)
- Grootjans J, "Epithelial endoplasmic reticulum stress orchestrates a protective IgA response", Science, 363, pp.993~998 (2019)
- Ansaldo E, "Akkermansia muciniphila induces intestinal adaptive immune responses during homeostasis", Science, 364, pp.1179~1184 (2019)
- Maaser C, "Clearance of Citrobacter rodentium requires B cells but not secretory immunoglobulin A(IgA)or IgM antibodies", Infect Immun, 72, pp.3315~3324 (2004)
- 이푸름, "Newly Emerging Human Coronaviruses: Animal Models and Vaccine Research for SARS, MERS, and COVID-19", Immune Network, 20(4), pp.1~25 (2020), 대한면역학회[DOI]
- Ziegler CGK, "SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is an interferon-stimulated gene in human airway epithelial cells and is detected in specific cell subsets across tissues", Cell, 181, pp.1016~1035 (2020)
- Sungnak W, "SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes", Nat Med, 26, pp.681~687 (2020)
- Tay MZ, "The trinity of COVID-19 : immunity, inflammation and intervention", Nat Rev Immunol, 20, pp.363~374 (2020)
- Stanifer ML, "Critical role of type III interferon in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection in human intestinal epithelial cells", Cell Reports, 32, pp.107863~ (2020)
- Trottein F, "Potential causes and consequences of gastrointestinal disorders during a SARS-CoV-2infection", Cell Reports, 32, pp.107915~ (2020)
- Gu S, "Alterations of the gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19 or H1N1 influenza", Clin Infect Dis, pp.ciaa709~ (2020)
