Anti-diabetic effect of purple corn extract on C57BL/KsJ db/db mice
2
조회
0
다운로드
8
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recently, anthocyanins have been reported to have various biological activities. Furthermore, anthocyanin-rich purple corn extract (PCE) ameliorated insulin resistance and reduced diabetes-associated mesanginal fibrosisand inflammation, suggesting that it may have benefits for the prevention of diabetes and diabetes complications. In this study, we determined the anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin component of PCE by HPLC-ESI-MS and investigated its anti-diabeticactivity and mechanisms using C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: The db/db mice were divided into four groups: diabetic control group (DC), 10 or 50 mg/kg PCE (PCE 10 or PCE 50), or 10 mg/kg pinitol (pinitol 10) and treated with drugs once per day for 8 weeks. During the experiment, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured every week. At the end of treatment, we measured several diabetic parameters. RESULTS: Compared to the DC group, Fasting blood glucose levels were 68% lower in PCE 50 group and 51% lower in the pinitol 10 group. Furthermore, the PCE 50 group showed 2- fold increased C-peptide and adiponectin levels and 20% decreasedHbA1c levels, than in the DC group. In pancreatic islets morphology, the PCE- or pinitol- treated mice showed significant prevention of pancreatic β-cell damage and higher insulin content. Microarray analyses results indicating that gene and proteinexpressions associated with glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism in liver and fat tissues. In addition, purple corn extract increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6pase) genes in liver, and also increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expressions in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that PCE exerted anti-diabetic effects through protection of pancreatic β-cells, increase of insulin secretion and AMPK activation in the liver of C57BL/KsJ db/db mice.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recently, anthocyanins have been reported to have various biological activities. Furthermore, anthocyanin-rich purple corn extract (PCE) ameliorated insulin resistance and reduced diabetes-associated mesanginal fibrosisand inflammation, suggesting that it may have benefits for the prevention of diabetes and diabetes complications. In this study, we determined the anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin component of PCE by HPLC-ESI-MS and investigated its anti-diabeticactivity and mechanisms using C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: The db/db mice were divided into four groups: diabetic control group (DC), 10 or 50 mg/kg PCE (PCE 10 or PCE 50), or 10 mg/kg pinitol (pinitol 10) and treated with drugs once per day for 8 weeks. During the experiment, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured every week. At the end of treatment, we measured several diabetic parameters. RESULTS: Compared to the DC group, Fasting blood glucose levels were 68% lower in PCE 50 group and 51% lower in the pinitol 10 group. Furthermore, the PCE 50 group showed 2- fold increased C-peptide and adiponectin levels and 20% decreasedHbA1c levels, than in the DC group. In pancreatic islets morphology, the PCE- or pinitol- treated mice showed significant prevention of pancreatic β-cell damage and higher insulin content. Microarray analyses results indicating that gene and proteinexpressions associated with glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism in liver and fat tissues. In addition, purple corn extract increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6pase) genes in liver, and also increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expressions in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that PCE exerted anti-diabetic effects through protection of pancreatic β-cells, increase of insulin secretion and AMPK activation in the liver of C57BL/KsJ db/db mice.
참고문헌 (35)
- Vinik AI, "Prevention of the complications of diabetes", Am J Manag Care, 3, pp.S63~S80 (2003)
- Goldfrank L, "The pernicious panacea: herbal medicine", Hosp Physician, 10, pp.64~69 (1982)
- Bailey CJ, "Traditional plant medicines as treatments for diabetes", Diabetes Care, 8, pp.553~564 (1989)
- Jing P, "Characterization of anthocyanin-rich waste from purple corncobs (Zea mays L.) and its application to color milk", J Agric Food Chem, 22, pp.8775~8781 (2005)
- Fossen T, "Anthocyanins from maize (Zea mays) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)", J Agric Food Chem, 5, pp.2318~2321 (2001)
- pyridine (PhIP)-associated colorectal carcinogenesis in male F344 rats pretreated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, "Cancer Lett", 2001, 17~25
- Tsuda T, "Dietary cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside increases ex vivo oxidation resistance of serum in rats", Lipids, 6, pp.583~588 (1998)
- Tsuda T, "Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the active oxygen radical scavenging effect of anthocyanin pigments isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris L", Biochem Pharmacol, 7, pp.1033~1039 (1996)
- Yoshimoto M, "Antimutagenicity of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) roots", Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 3, pp.537~541 (1999)
- Li J, "Purple corn anthocyanins dampened high-glucose-induced mesangial fibrosis and inflammation: possible renoprotective role in diabetic nephropathy", J Nutr Biochem, 4, pp.320~331 (2012)
- Tsuda T, "Dietary cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside-rich purple corn color prevents obesity and ameliorates hyperglycemia in mice", J Nutr, 7, pp.2125~2130 (2003)
- Trinder P, "Determination of blood glucose using an oxidaseperoxidase system with a non-carcinogenic chromogen", J Clin Pathol, 2, pp.158~161 (1969)
- Goldstein BJ, "Insulin resistance as the core defect in type 2 diabetes mellitus", Am J Cardiol, 90, pp.3G~10G (2002)
- Liu F, "An extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. has insulin-like glucose uptake-stimulatory and adipocyte differentiation-inhibitory activities in 3T3-L1 cells", J Nutr, 9, pp.2242~2247 (2001)
- Guo H, "Cyanidin-3-O-b-glucoside, a typical anthocyanin, exhibits antilipolytic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during hyperglycemia: Involvement of FoxO1-mediated transcription of adipose triglyceride lipase", Food chem Toxicol, 9, pp.3040~3047 (2012)
- Zhao X, "Composition and thermal stability of anthocyanins from chinese purple corn (Zea mays L.)", J Agric Food Chem, 22, pp.10761~10766 (2008)
- Libby P, "Diabetic macrovascular disease: the glucose paradox?", Circulation, 22, pp.2760~2763 (2002)
- Nishina PM, "Atherosclerosis in genetically obese mice: the mutants obese, diabetes, fat, tubby, and lethal yellow", Metabolism, 5, pp.554~558 (1994)
- Narayanan CR, "Pinitol, a new anti-diabetic compound from the leaves of Bougainvillea spectabilis", Curr Sci, 56, pp.139~141 (1987)
- 홍수희, "Antidiabetic and Beta Cell-Protection Activities of Purple Corn Anthocyanins", Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 21(4), pp.284~289 (2013), 한국응용약물학회
- Alberti KG, "New diagnostic criteria and classification of diabetes--again?", Diabet Med, 7, pp.535~536 (1998)
- Scott DK, "The repression of hormone-activated PEPCK gene expression by glucose is insulin-independent but requires glucose metabolism", J Biol Chem, 37, pp.24145~24151 (1998)
- Bressler R, "The role of carnitine and carnitine acyltransferase in biological acetylations and fatty acid synthesis", J Biol Chem, 17, pp.4092~4097 (1966)
- Kelly DP, "The tissue-specific expression and developmental regulation of two nuclear genes encoding rat mitochondrial proteins. Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase", J Biol Chem, 32, pp.18921~18925 (1989)
- Ling B, "Systematic Evaluation of Key L-Carnitine Homeostasis Mechanisms during Postnatal Development in Rat", Nutr Metab (Lond), 1, pp.66~ (2012)
- Nemali MR, "Comparison of constitutive and inducible levels of expression of peroxisomal beta-oxidation and catalase genes in liver and extrahepatic tissues of rat", Cancer Res, 18, pp.5316~5324 (1988)
- Tsuchida T, "MGAT2 deficiency ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by inhibiting intestinal fat absorption in mice", Lipids Health Dis, 11, pp.75~ (2012)
- Jiang Z, "Discovery of novel genetic networks associated with 19 economically important traits in beef cattle", Int J Biol Sci, 6, pp.528~542 (2009)
- Wu XL, "Evaluation of candidate gene effects for beef backfat via Bayesian model selection", Genetica, 1, pp.103~113 (2005)
- Hardie DG, "The AMP-activated protein kinase pathway--new players upstream and downstream", J Cell Sci, 23, pp.5479~5487 (2004)
- Towler MC, "AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and insulin signaling", Circ Res, 3, pp.328~341 (2007)
- Kemp BE, "Dealing with energy demand: the AMP-activated protein kinase", Trends Biochem Sci, 1, pp.22~25 (1999)
- Rutter GA, "Roles of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in mammalian glucose homoeostasis", Biochem J, 1, pp.1~16 (2003)
- Velasco G, "Control of hepatic fatty acid oxidation by 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase involves a malonyl-CoA-dependent and a malonyl-CoA-independent mechanism", Arch Biochem Biophys, 2, pp.169~175 (1997)
- Merrill GF, "AICA riboside increases AMP-activated protein kinase, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose uptake in rat muscle", Am J Physiol, 1, pp.E1107~E1112 (1997)