The extended Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan, Malaysia
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to utilize an extended Theory of Planned Behavior in identifying predictorsof exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan, Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted, recruiting pregnant womenthrough two-stage cluster sampling. Their exclusive breastfeeding intention, attitude, perceived norm, perceived behavioral control and past behavior were obtainedat baseline through interviewer-guided questionnaire. At one month after delivery, another interview was conducted to determinethe two additional variables in the extended theory, which were their postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty. Thebehavior, which was the actual duration of exclusive breastfeeding, was obtained from the second follow-up at six months. Pearson correlation and two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 200 women completed the study follow-up. Their median intended exclusive breastfeeding duration was4.0 (IQR 5) months, and the median actual duration was 1.0 (IQR 4) month. The Theory of Planned Behavior explained 51.0%of the variance in intention, with perceived behavioral control and attitude were the significant predictors. It also explained10.0% of the variance in behavior, but the addition of postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty increased the amountof explained variance in behavior by 6.0%. The significant predictors of exclusive breastfeeding behavior were intention, postpartumsupport and breastfeeding difficulty. CONCLUSION: The extended Theory of Planned Behaviorhad a good predictive ability in explaining exclusive breastfeedingintentionand behavior. The women’s intention to practice exclusive breastfeeding may be improved by improving their perceived behavioralcontrol and attitude. Providing correct postpartum support and skills to handle breastfeeding difficulties after delivery willimprove their exclusive breastfeeding behavior.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to utilize an extended Theory of Planned Behavior in identifying predictorsof exclusive breastfeeding intention and behavior among women in Kelantan, Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted, recruiting pregnant womenthrough two-stage cluster sampling. Their exclusive breastfeeding intention, attitude, perceived norm, perceived behavioral control and past behavior were obtainedat baseline through interviewer-guided questionnaire. At one month after delivery, another interview was conducted to determinethe two additional variables in the extended theory, which were their postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty. Thebehavior, which was the actual duration of exclusive breastfeeding, was obtained from the second follow-up at six months. Pearson correlation and two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 200 women completed the study follow-up. Their median intended exclusive breastfeeding duration was4.0 (IQR 5) months, and the median actual duration was 1.0 (IQR 4) month. The Theory of Planned Behavior explained 51.0%of the variance in intention, with perceived behavioral control and attitude were the significant predictors. It also explained10.0% of the variance in behavior, but the addition of postpartum support and breastfeeding difficulty increased the amountof explained variance in behavior by 6.0%. The significant predictors of exclusive breastfeeding behavior were intention, postpartumsupport and breastfeeding difficulty. CONCLUSION: The extended Theory of Planned Behaviorhad a good predictive ability in explaining exclusive breastfeedingintentionand behavior. The women’s intention to practice exclusive breastfeeding may be improved by improving their perceived behavioralcontrol and attitude. Providing correct postpartum support and skills to handle breastfeeding difficulties after delivery willimprove their exclusive breastfeeding behavior.
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