Socio-economic disparity in food consumption among young children in eight South Asian and Southeast Asian countries
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined socio-economic differences in diverse food consumption among children 6–23 months of age in South Asia and Southeast Asian countries. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data from Demographic and Health Surveys in four countries in South Asia (n = 15,749) and four countries in Southeast Asia (n = 10,789) were used. Survey-design adjusted proportions were estimated for the following 10 food items: grains, legumes, dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), vitamin A-rich fruits, vitamin A-rich vegetables, other fruits and vegetables (OFV), fish, meat, dairy, and eggs. An equity gap was defined as an arithmetic difference in the proportion of each food item consumed in the past 24-hours between the wealthiest and lowest quintiles and between rural and urban areas, denoted by percentage points (pp). RESULTS: The consumption of most of the 10 food items was higher in the wealthiest quintiles and urban areas across eight countries. The size of equity gaps was greater in Southeast Asia than in South Asia, particularly for vitamin A-rich fruits (3.3–30.0 pp vs. 0.3–19.6 pp), vitamin A-rich vegetables (12.1–26.7 pp vs. 2.4–5.9 pp), meat (17.7–33.4 pp vs. 3.4–13.4 pp), and dairy (14.7–32.5 pp vs. 3.3–11.4 pp). However, the size of equity gap in egg consumption was greater in Southeast Asia than South Asia (11.2–19.8 pp vs. 11.0–26.7 pp). Relatively narrower gaps were seen in the consumption of grains (0.3–12.9 pp), DGLV (0.6–12.4 pp), and fish (0.1–16.8 pp) across all countries. CONCLUSIONS: Equity gaps in food consumption differed by socio-economic status and region. Reducing equity gaps in nutrient-rich foods and utilizing regionally available food resources may increase child dietary quality.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined socio-economic differences in diverse food consumption among children 6–23 months of age in South Asia and Southeast Asian countries. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data from Demographic and Health Surveys in four countries in South Asia (n = 15,749) and four countries in Southeast Asia (n = 10,789) were used. Survey-design adjusted proportions were estimated for the following 10 food items: grains, legumes, dark green leafy vegetables (DGLV), vitamin A-rich fruits, vitamin A-rich vegetables, other fruits and vegetables (OFV), fish, meat, dairy, and eggs. An equity gap was defined as an arithmetic difference in the proportion of each food item consumed in the past 24-hours between the wealthiest and lowest quintiles and between rural and urban areas, denoted by percentage points (pp). RESULTS: The consumption of most of the 10 food items was higher in the wealthiest quintiles and urban areas across eight countries. The size of equity gaps was greater in Southeast Asia than in South Asia, particularly for vitamin A-rich fruits (3.3–30.0 pp vs. 0.3–19.6 pp), vitamin A-rich vegetables (12.1–26.7 pp vs. 2.4–5.9 pp), meat (17.7–33.4 pp vs. 3.4–13.4 pp), and dairy (14.7–32.5 pp vs. 3.3–11.4 pp). However, the size of equity gap in egg consumption was greater in Southeast Asia than South Asia (11.2–19.8 pp vs. 11.0–26.7 pp). Relatively narrower gaps were seen in the consumption of grains (0.3–12.9 pp), DGLV (0.6–12.4 pp), and fish (0.1–16.8 pp) across all countries. CONCLUSIONS: Equity gaps in food consumption differed by socio-economic status and region. Reducing equity gaps in nutrient-rich foods and utilizing regionally available food resources may increase child dietary quality.
참고문헌 (51)
- Black RE, "Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries", Lancet, 382, pp.427~451 (2013)
- "Exclusive breastfeeding for optimal growth, development and health of infants 2019" (2019)[URL]
- "Child health: Recommended food for the very early years" (2011)[URL]
- Global Nutrition Monitoring Framework: Operational Guidance for Tracking Progress in Meeting Targets for 2025, "World Health Organization", World Health Organization, ~ (2017)
- "Infant and young child feeding - UNICEF DATA"[URL]
- UNICEF, "WHO", The World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates: Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition: Key Findings of the 2020 Edition, World Health Organization, pp.2020, ~
- Gatica-Domínguez G, "Complementary feeding practices in 80 low-and middle-income countries : prevalence of and socioeconomic inequalities in dietary diversity, meal frequency, and dietary adequacy", J Nutr, 151, pp.1956~1964 (2021)
- Baye K, "Estimates of dietary quality in infants and young children(6–23 mo) : Evidence from demographic and health surveys of 49 low-and middle-income countries", Nutrition, 78, pp.110875~ (2020)
- National Research Council, "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Examining the Evidence to Define Benefit Adequacy" (2013), National Academies Press
- "Equiplot" (2020)[URL]
- Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015, "Central Statistics Organization", Afghanistan, 2017
- Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014, "National Institute of Population Research", NIPORT, Mitra and Associates, and ICF International, ~ (2016)
- Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016, "Ministry of Health - MOH", Nepal, Nepal, New ERA, and ICF, pp.2017, ~
- Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18, "National Institute of Population Studies - NIPS", Pakistan, Pakistan and ICF, pp.2019, ~
- Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2014, "National Institute of Statistics", Cambodia, Cambodia, Directorate General for Health, pp.Cambodia, and ICF International, 2015[DOI]
- Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015–16, "Ministry of Health, Sports - MoHS", Myanmar, 2017
- Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017, "National Population", BKKBN, BPS, Kemenkes, and ICF, ~ (2018)
- Timor-Leste Demographic and Health Survey 2016, "General Directorate of Statistics", GDS and ICF, ~ (2018)
- Mujica OJ, "Obesity inequality among adults in Latin America and the Caribbean", Lancet Glob Health, 7, pp.e1589~e1590 (2019)
- Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015, "Central Statistics Organization", Central Statistics Organization, ~ (2017)
- Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18, "National Institute of Population Research and Training", NIPORT and ICF, ~ (2020)
- Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18, "National Institute of Population Studies", NIPS and ICF, ~ (2019)
- Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016, "Ministry of Health of Nepal", Ministry of Health of Nepal, ~ (2017)
- Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2014, "National Institute of Statistics", National Institute of Statistics, Directorate General for Health, and ICF International, ~ (2015)
- Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017, "National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN) SIB", BKKBN, BPS, Kemenkes, and ICF, ~ (2018)
- Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015–16, "Ministry of Health and Sports (MoHS)", Ministry of Health and Sports and ICF, ~ (2017)
- Timor-Leste Demographic and Health Survey 2016, "General Directorate of Statistics (GDS) MoHaI", GDS and ICF, ~ (2018)
- Muhammad A, "How income and food prices influence global dietary intakes by age and sex : evidence from 164 countries", BMJ Glob Health, 2, pp.e000184-84~ (2017)
- World Social Report 2020 Inequality in a Rapidly Changing World, "United Nations", United Nations, ~ (2020)
- "Food system types in Southeast Asia" (2020)[URL]
- Food Security in South Asia: Issues and Opportunities, "Mittal S", Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, ~ (2009)
- Food Systems and Diets: Facing the Challenges of the 21st Century, "Haddad L", Global Panel on Agriculture and Food Systems for Nutrition, ~ (2016)
- Akhtar S, "Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in South Asia : causes, outcomes, and possible remedies", J Health Popul Nutr, 31, pp.413~423 (2013)
- Herran OF, "Socioeconomic inequalities in the consumption of fruits and vegetables : colombian National Nutrition Survey, 2010", Cad Saude Publica, 35, pp.e00031418~ (2019)
- Mason-D’Croz D, "Gaps between fruit and vegetable production, demand, and recommended consumption at global and national levels : an integrated modelling study", Lancet Planet Health, 3, pp.e318~e329 (2019)
- Drewnowski A, "Socio-cultural and economic drivers of plant and animal protein consumption in Malaysia : the SCRiPT study", Nutrients, 12, pp.1530~ (2020)
- Muslimatun S, "Dietary diversity, animal source food consumption and linear growth among children aged 1–5 years in Bandung, Indonesia: a longitudinal observational study", Br J Nutr, 116(Suppl 1), pp.S27~S35 (2016)
- "Global and regional food consumption patterns and trends" (2020)[URL]
- Choudhury S, "Household dairy production and child growth : evidence from Bangladesh", Econ Hum Biol, 30, pp.150~161 (2018)
- "Importance of Dairy Industry in Pakistan’s Fight Against Malnutrition" (2020)[URL]
- Burki AA, "Economic Impact of Pakistan’s Dairy Sector: Lessons for Building Sustainable Value" (2019), Lahore University of Management Sciences
- Headey D, "Dairy Markets and Child Nutrition in the Developing World" (2018), IFPRI
- Kaimila Y, "Consumption of animal-source protein is associated with improved height-for-age z scores in rural Malawian children aged 12–36 months", Nutrients, 11, pp.480~ (2019)
- Tezzo X, "Food system perspective on fisheries and aquaculture development in Asia", Agric Hum Values, 38, pp.73~90 (2021)
- Beveridge MC, "Meeting the food and nutrition needs of the poor : the role of fish and the opportunities and challenges emerging from the rise of aquaculture", J Fish Biol, 83, pp.1067~1084 (2013)
- Herforth A, "A global review of food-based dietary guidelines", Adv Nutr, 10, pp.590~605 (2019)
- Angeles-Agdeppa I, "The impact of wealth status on food intake patterns in Filipino school-aged children and adolescents", Nutrients, 11, pp.2910~ (2019)
- Baek Y, "Sociodemographic factors associated with inadequate food group consumption and dietary diversity among infants and young children in Nepal", PLoS One, 14, pp.e0213610~ (2019)
- Thorne-Lyman AL, "Fish and meat are often withheld from the diets of infants 6 to 12 months in fish-farming households in rural Bangladesh", Food Nutr Bull, 38, pp.354~368 (2017)
- Lutter CK, "The potential of a simple egg to improve maternal and child nutrition", Matern Child Nutr, 14(Suppl 3), pp.e12678~ (2018)
- Iannotti LL, "Eggs : the uncracked potential for improving maternal and young child nutrition among the world’s poor", Nutr Rev, 72, pp.355~368 (2014)