Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Ventricle in Murine Models
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background: Non-invasive high-resolution echocardiography to evaluate cardiovascular function of small animals is increasingly being used due to availability of genetically engineered murine models. Even though guidelines and standard values for humans were revised by the American Society of Echocardiography, evaluations on murine models are not performed according to any standard protocols. These limitations are preventing translation of preclinical evaluations to clinical meaningful conclusions. We have assessed the right heart of two commonly used murine models according to standard clinical guidelines, and provided the practical guide and sample values for cardiac assessments. Methods: Right heart echocardiography evaluations of CD1 and C57BL/6 mice were performed under 1–3% isoflurane anesthesia using Vevo® 2100 Imaging System with a high-frequency (18–38 MHz) probe (VisualSonics MS400). We have provided a practical guide on how to image and assess the right heart of a mouse which is frequently used to evaluate development of right heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension. results: Our results show significant differences between CD1 and C57BL/6 mice. Right ventricle structural assessment showed significantly larger (p < 0.05) size, and pulmonary artery diameter in CD1 mice (n = 11) compared to C57BL/6 mice (n = 15). Right heart systolic and diastolic functions were similar for both strains. Conclusion: Our practical guide on how to image and assess the right heart of murine models provides the first comprehensive values which can be used for preclinical research studies using echocardiography. Additionally, our results indicate that there is a high variability between mouse species and experimental models should be carefully selected for cardiac evaluations.
Abstract
Background: Non-invasive high-resolution echocardiography to evaluate cardiovascular function of small animals is increasingly being used due to availability of genetically engineered murine models. Even though guidelines and standard values for humans were revised by the American Society of Echocardiography, evaluations on murine models are not performed according to any standard protocols. These limitations are preventing translation of preclinical evaluations to clinical meaningful conclusions. We have assessed the right heart of two commonly used murine models according to standard clinical guidelines, and provided the practical guide and sample values for cardiac assessments. Methods: Right heart echocardiography evaluations of CD1 and C57BL/6 mice were performed under 1–3% isoflurane anesthesia using Vevo® 2100 Imaging System with a high-frequency (18–38 MHz) probe (VisualSonics MS400). We have provided a practical guide on how to image and assess the right heart of a mouse which is frequently used to evaluate development of right heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension. results: Our results show significant differences between CD1 and C57BL/6 mice. Right ventricle structural assessment showed significantly larger (p < 0.05) size, and pulmonary artery diameter in CD1 mice (n = 11) compared to C57BL/6 mice (n = 15). Right heart systolic and diastolic functions were similar for both strains. Conclusion: Our practical guide on how to image and assess the right heart of murine models provides the first comprehensive values which can be used for preclinical research studies using echocardiography. Additionally, our results indicate that there is a high variability between mouse species and experimental models should be carefully selected for cardiac evaluations.
참고문헌 (22)
- Umar S, "Spontaneous ventricular fibrillation in right ventricular failure secondary to chronic pulmonary hypertension", Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, 5, pp.181~190 (2012)
- Sharma S, "Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide 4F rescues pulmonary hypertension by inducing microRNA-193-3p", Circulation, 130, pp.776~785 (2014)
- Iorga A, "Rescue of pressure overload-induced heart failure by estrogen therapy", J Am Heart Assoc (2016)[DOI]
- Cheng HW, "Assessment of right ventricular structure and function in mouse model of pulmonary artery constriction by transthoracic echocardiography", J Vis Exp, (84), pp.e51041~ (2014)
- Scherrer-Crosbie M, "Ventricular remodeling and function: insights using murine echocardiography", J Mol Cell Cardiol, 48, pp.512~517 (2010)
- Gomez-Arroyo J, "A brief overview of mouse models of pulmonary arterial hypertension: problems and prospects", Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 302, pp.L977~L991 (2012)
- Stypmann J, "Doppler ultrasound in mice", Echocardiography, 24, pp.97~112 (2007)
- Copley SJ, "Advances in echocardiography", Imaging, 18, pp.160~165 (2006)
- Rudski LG, "Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography", J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 23, pp.685~713 (2010)
- Singh H, "MitoBK (Ca) is encoded by the Kcnma1 gene, and a splicing sequence defines its mitochondrial location", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110, pp.10836~10841 (2013)
- Ponnalagu D, "Molecular identity of cardiac mitochondrial chloride intracellular channel proteins", Mitochondrion, 27, pp.6~14 (2016)
- Janssen BJ, "Effects of anesthetics on systemic hemodynamics in mice", Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 287, pp.H1618~H1624 (2004)
- Gao S, "Echocardiography in mice", Curr Protoc Mouse Biol, 1, pp.71~83 (2011)
- Roth DM, "Impact of anesthesia on cardiac function during echocardiography in mice", Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 282, pp.H2134~H2140 (2002)
- Wikström J, "Adenosine induces dilation of epicardial coronary arteries in mice: relationship between coronary flow velocity reserve and coronary flow reserve in vivo using transthoracic echocardiography", Ultrasound Med Biol, 34, pp.1053~1062 (2008)
- Broberg CS, "Validation of the myocardial performance index by echocardiography in mice: a noninvasive measure of left ventricular function", J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 16, pp.814~823 (2003)
- Zhou YQ, "Developmental changes in left and right ventricular diastolic filling patterns in mice", Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 285, pp.H1563~H1575 (2003)
- Egemnazarov B, "Pressure overload creates right ventricular diastolic dysfunction in a mouse model: assessment by echocardiography", J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 28, pp.828~843 (2015)
- Vinhas M, "Transthoracic echocardiography reference values in juvenile and adult 129", Sv mice, 2013, pp.11, 12~
- Nagueh SF, "Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography", J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 22, pp.107~133 (2009)
- Thibault HB, "Noninvasive assessment of murine pulmonary arterial pressure: validation and application to models of pulmonary hypertension", Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, 3, pp.157~163 (2010)
- Barnabei MS, "Influence of genetic background on ex vivo and in vivo cardiac function in several commonly used inbred mouse strains", Physiol Genomics, 42A, pp.103~113 (2010)