On the $\eta$-parallelism in almost Kenmotsu $3$-manifolds
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In this paper, we study the $\eta$-parallelism of the Ricci operator of almost Kenmotsu $3$-manifolds. First, we prove that an almost Kenmotsu $3$-manifold $M$ satisfying $\nabla_{\xi}h=-2\alpha h \varphi$ for some constant $\alpha$ has dominantly $\eta$-parallel Ricci operator if and only if it is locally symmetric. Next, we show that if $M$ is an $H$-almost Kenmotsu $3$-manifold satisfying $\nabla_{\xi}h=-2\alpha h \varphi$ for a constant $\alpha$, then $M$ is a Kenmotsu $3$-manifold or it is locally isomorphic to certain non-unimodular Lie group equipped with a left invariant almost Kenmotsu structure. The dominantly $\eta$-parallelism of the Ricci operator is equivalent to the local symmetry on homogeneous almost Kenmotsu $3$-manifolds.
Abstract
In this paper, we study the $\eta$-parallelism of the Ricci operator of almost Kenmotsu $3$-manifolds. First, we prove that an almost Kenmotsu $3$-manifold $M$ satisfying $\nabla_{\xi}h=-2\alpha h \varphi$ for some constant $\alpha$ has dominantly $\eta$-parallel Ricci operator if and only if it is locally symmetric. Next, we show that if $M$ is an $H$-almost Kenmotsu $3$-manifold satisfying $\nabla_{\xi}h=-2\alpha h \varphi$ for a constant $\alpha$, then $M$ is a Kenmotsu $3$-manifold or it is locally isomorphic to certain non-unimodular Lie group equipped with a left invariant almost Kenmotsu structure. The dominantly $\eta$-parallelism of the Ricci operator is equivalent to the local symmetry on homogeneous almost Kenmotsu $3$-manifolds.
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