희귀수종 향나무 자연집단의 분포와 성간 동태 및 보존
The Distribution and Dynamics between Sexes, Conservation of Natural Populations of a Rare Woody Plant, Juniperus chinensis L. (Cupressaceae), Korea
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초록
향나무는 우리나라의 유용한 자원 수종이나 국소지역에 제한적으로 분포하는 희귀수종이다. 본 연구는 중요한 자원수종인 향나무의 지속가능한 보존을 위한 보존계획 수립을 위해 지리적 분포 역에 대한 실체 파악과 자생 집단간 성비의 변이 및집단 동태를 조사하였다. 그 결과 향나무는 강원도 정선군과 평창군의 동강변과 낙동강 지류의 의성군에서 국소적으로 분포하고 있고, 동해안에서는 울릉도, 경주에서 강릉까지 해안선을 따라 sea-stack과 해식애 등의 국소지역에 제한적으로 분포하고있었다. 향나무의 자생 집단은 울릉도에서는 약 200개체 이상의 집단들이 연속적으로 분포하고 있는 반면, 동해와 남해 및 동강지역은 250개체 미만의 소집단들이 불연속적으로 분포하고있었다. 우리나라에서 조사된 향나무 집단은 전체적으로 약3,200 개체로 추정되었다. 그리고 향나무의 지역별 집단간 성비(male/female)는 0.46~1.67의 범위로 집단간 다양한 변이를 보였으나, 통계적으로는 유의하게 1.0의 비율을 보였으며, 종내전 개체에 대한 성비는 0.74로서 암그루의 비율이 고도로 유의하게 높은 결과를 보였다. 지역간 집단내 동태분석 결과 세 지역에서 모두 치수가 지속적으로 발생되고 있었으며, 역 J자형의안정적인 집단 구조를 이루고 있었으나, 기후변화에 의해 주변의 관목 및 교목의 활엽수류가 침입하고 있기 때문에 집단의 분획화 및 개체 수 감소가 우려되고 있다. 우리나라 희귀 자원수종인 향나무의 자생 집단에 대한 지속가능한 보존을 위한 추가 연구 계획 및 in situ와 ex situ 보존전략이 논의되었다
Abstract
Juniperus chinensis (Cupressaceae) is a valuable woody plant resource, but this rare plant is only distributed in restricted regions in Korea. In this study, we surveyed the geographic distribution regions, variation of sex ratio and the dynamics of natural populations of J. chinensis. in order to establish conservation strategies for the sustainable conservation of this important resource tree. The 17 natural populations of J. chinensis are restrictively distributed in the shore cliffs of (1) Ulleungdo island, (2) Gyeongju-si to Gangneung-si of the eastern coast, the riverside cliff along (3) Donggang-river of Jungsun-gun and Pyeongchang-gun and (4) branch of Nakdonggang-river in Uiseong-gun. The populations in Ulleungdo island showed continuous population distribution of over 200 individuals, but populations in other regions had discontinuous population distribution of under 200. The population of J. chinensis surveyed in Korea was estimated in ca. 3,200 individuals. The sex ratio (male/female) among populations of J. chinensis was diverse with variation from 0.46~1.67 range, but showed no significance. The sex ratio of the total individuals by species level was 0.74, and the percentage of female tree was significantly higher than the male. The results of dynamics analysis within population among regions showed that seedlings and saplings of J. chinensis in three regions surveyed were continuously regenerating. The distribution of DBH class showed a stable population structure of inverse J shape graph, but fragmentation and decrease in populations because of invading broad-leaved shrubs and trees from the surroundings were concerned. Further studies, and in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for the sustainable conservation on natural populations of this rare resources woody plant, J. chinensis in Korea are recommended.
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