Rural Development: Lessons from the Liberalization of Korean Trades
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
With strong government thrusts toward agricultural trade liberalization to increase high-tech export volume, South Korea’s rural communities have had to brace for significant adjustments brought about by agrarian modernization. Rural “development” of the past few decades has failed to restructure the farming sector for international competition, largely due to favoritism toward big corporations and ineffective government policies characterized by top-down management and minimal communication efforts. Following such shortcomings, the considerable reduction in the number of farms and a widespread realization that reform has to come “organically” from within organized rural communities, rather than imposed by development, this paper argues for possible change through human agency and shows how one community is tackling “self-reform” toward a more sustainable life in a globalizing rural area, while trying to dodge the global reflexes from overemphasized modernity.
Abstract
With strong government thrusts toward agricultural trade liberalization to increase high-tech export volume, South Korea’s rural communities have had to brace for significant adjustments brought about by agrarian modernization. Rural “development” of the past few decades has failed to restructure the farming sector for international competition, largely due to favoritism toward big corporations and ineffective government policies characterized by top-down management and minimal communication efforts. Following such shortcomings, the considerable reduction in the number of farms and a widespread realization that reform has to come “organically” from within organized rural communities, rather than imposed by development, this paper argues for possible change through human agency and shows how one community is tackling “self-reform” toward a more sustainable life in a globalizing rural area, while trying to dodge the global reflexes from overemphasized modernity.
참고문헌 (69)
- Abelmann, Nancy, "Echoes of the Past, Epics of Dissent: A South Korean Social Movement" (1996), University of California Press
- Anderson, Benedict, "Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism" (1999), Verso Books
- Bak, Sangmee, "McDonald’s in Seoul: Food Choices, Identity, and Nationalism in : Golden Arches East—McDonald’s in East Asia", pp.136~160 (1997), Stanford University Press
- Ban, Sung-Hwan, "Rural Development—Studies in the Modernization of the Republic of Korea, 1945-1975(Harvard East Asian Monographs, No. 89)" (1975), Harvard University Press
- "“Madagascar Leader Axes Land Deal.” BBC News Africa" (2009)[URL]
- Beck, Ulrich, "Knowledge or Unawareness? Two Perspectives on ‘Reflexive Modernization.’ in : World Risk Society", pp.109~132 (1992), Polity Press
- Beck, Ulrich, "Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition, and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order" (1994), Stanford University Press
- Food Security and Agricultural Protection in South Korea, "Beghin, John C.", Center for Agricultural and Rural Development. Ames, Iowa State University, ~, pp.01-WP-284 (2001)
- Berger, Peter L., "Four Faces of Global Culture in : International HRM—Managing Diversity in the Workplace", pp.152~159 (2001), Blackwell
- Boyer, William W., "Rural Development in South Korea: A Sociopolitical Analysis" (1991), University of Delaware Press
- Brown, Michael F., "Can Culture Be Copyrighted?", Current Anthropology, 19(2), pp.193~222 (1998)
- Burmeister, Larry L., "Research, Realpolitik, and Development in Korea: The State and the Green Revolution" (1988), Westview Press
- Burmeister, Larry L., "South Korea’s Rural Development Dilemma—Trade Pressures and Agricultural Sector Adjustments", Asian Survey, 30(7), pp.711~723 (1990)
- Burmeister, Larry L., "Korean Minifarm Agriculture: From Articulation to Disarticulation", Journal of Developing Areas, 26, pp.145~168 (1992)
- Cho, Myung-Rae, "Flexible Sociality and the Postmodernity of Seoul in : Korean Anthropology: Contemporary Korean Culture in Flux", pp.201~209 (2003), Hollym
- Choi, Jung-Sup, "Opening Markets While Maintaining Protection: Tariff Rate Quotas in Korea and Japan", Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 29(1), pp.91~102 (2000)
- Choi, Sei-Kyun, "Onset of FTAs and Korea’s Agricultural Sector", Korea Focus on Current Topics, 12(2), pp.31~33 (2004)
- Choi, Yong-Ju, "Farm Cooperation in South Korea: An Institutional Field Approach to Collective Action", XII World Congress of Rural Sociology (2008)
- Chung, Heesun, "Pessimism and Pragmatism: Agricultural Trade Liberalization from the Perspective of South Korean Farmers", Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 40(3), pp.271~284 (1999)
- Clifford, Mark L., "Troubled Tiger: Businessmen, Bureaucrats, and Generals in South Korea" (1998), M.E. Sharpe
- Structural Change and Agricultural Protection:Costs of Korean Agricultural Policy, 1975 and 1990, "Diao, XinShen", USDA, ~, pp.Agricultural Economic Report No. 809 (1990)
- Diao, XinShen, "Developing Country Interests in Agricultural Reforms Under the World Trade Organization", American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 84(3), pp.782~790 (2002)
- Entwistle, Harold, "Antonio Gramsci—Conservative Schooling for Radical Politics" (1979), Routledge
- Forgacs, David, "The Antonio Gramsci Reader: Selected Writings, 1916-1935" (2000), New York University Press
- Galbraith, John K., "American Capitalism: The Concept of Countervailing Power" (1952), Houghton-Mifflin
- Geertz, Clifford, "Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays" (1973), Basic Books
- Giddens, Anthony, "The Consequences of Modernity" (1990), Stanford University Press
- Gray, Thomas W., "Local-based, Alternative Marketing Strategy Could Help Save More Small Farms", Rural Cooperatives, 72(3), pp.1~20 (2004)
- Gudeman, Stephen, "Economics as Culture: Models and Metaphors of Livelihood" (1986), Routledge
- 함한희, "Rice and Koreans: Three Identities and Meanings", Korea Journal, 45(2), pp.89~106 (2005), 유네스코한국위원회
- Jager, Sheila M., "Narratives of Nation Building in Korea—A Genealogy of Patriotism" (2003), M.E. Sharpe
- "Korea’s Conquest in New Colonization Scenarios" (2008)[URL]
- Cooperative Pooling Operations in : Rural Business-Cooperative Service, "Jermolowicz, Andrew A.", U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, ~, pp.RBS Research Report 168 (1999)
- "“Agricultural Policy Reform and Structural Adjustment: Historical Evidence from the Korean Experience.” Paper presented at the Workshop on Agricultural Policy Reform and Adjustment, “Research in Agricultural and Applied Economics,”" (2003)[URL]
- Kim, Kwang-Ok, "The Communal Ideology and Its Reality: With Reference to the Emergence of Neo-Tribalism in : Korean Anthropology: Contemporary Korean Culture in Flux", pp.107~140 (2003), Hollym
- Kim, So-Hyun, "Farm Size and Structural Reform of Agriculture in Korea" (1999), National Agricultural Cooperative Federation
- Explore Korea Through Statistics, "Korea National Statistics Office (KNSO)", KNSO, ~ (2007)
- Koo, Hagen, "Korean Workers: The Culture and Politics of Class Formation" (2001), Cornell University Press
- Leach, Melissa, "Anthropology, Culture, and Environment in : Exotic No More: Anthropology on the Front Lines, edit-ed by Jeremy MacClancy", pp.209~226 (2002), University of Chicago Press
- Lee, Jin-Soo, "Alternative Perspective of Land Problems in Korea in : Land Taxation in Korea: A Critical Review of Current Policies and Suggestions for Future Policy Direction", pp.13~64 (1996), Korea Institute of Public Finance
- Lee, Kwang-Kyu, "Socio-Cultural Aspects of Rice Cultivation", Korea Journal, 27(1), pp.16~30 (1987)
- Lee, Kwang-Kyu, "Korean Family and Kinship" (1997), Jipmoondang
- Lee, Kwang-Kyu, "Social and Agricultural Change in Korea’s Rice Farming Communities in : The Art of Rice—Spirit and Sustenance in Asia", pp.497~507 (2003), University of Washington Press
- Lee, Yong-Kee, "Korean Agriculture After the Uruguay Round and World Agricultural Policy Reform", Paper presented at the conference on Agricultural Policy Reform and the WTO “Where Are We Heading,” (2003)
- Lim, Jae-Hae, "Tradition in Korean Society: Continuity and Change in : Korean Anthropology: Contemporary Korean Culture in Flux", pp.3~25 (2003), Hollym
- Malinowski, Bronislaw, "Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea" (1984), Waveland Press
- Mauss, Marcel, "The Gift: Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies" (1990), W. W. Norton
- Minns, John, "The Politics of Developmentalism: The Midas States of Mexico, South Korea, and Taiwan", pp.2006, Palgrave
- Agricultural Cooperatives in Korea, "National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (NACF)", NACF, ~ (1998)
- North, Douglass C., "Understanding the Process of Economic Change" (2005), Princeton University Press
- Oh, Myung-Seok, "Peasant Culture and Modernization in Korea: Cultural Implications of Saemaul Movement in the 1970s in : Korean Anthropology: Contemporary Korean Culture in Flux", pp.151~174 (2003), Hollym
- Plattner, Stuart, "Economic Anthropology" (1994), Stanford University Press
- Polanyi, Karl, "The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time" (1944), Rinehart
- Rappaport, Roy A., "Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People" (1984), Waveland Press
- Reinschmidt, Michael, "Rice in South Korean Life: The Transformation of Agricultural Icons in : The Art of Rice: Spirit and Sustenance in Asia", pp.509~525 (2003), University of Washington Press
- Reinschmidt, Michael, "Estimating Rice, Agriculture, Global Trade, and National Food Culture in South Korea in : Food and Foodways in Asia: Resource, Tradition, and Cooking", pp.96~111 (2007), Routledge
- Ro, Young-Hoon, "Land Taxation in Korea: A Critical Review of Current Policies and Suggestions for Future Policy Direction" (1996), Korea Institute of Public Finance
- Schneider, Jane, "World Markets: Anthropological Perspectives in : Exotic No More: Anthropology on the Front Lines", pp.64~85 (2002), University of Chicago Press
- Schusky, Ernest L., "Food Policy in a Newly Developed Country: The Case of South Korean Agriculture", Bulletin of the Anthropological Study of Agrarian Systems, 24, pp.1~5 (1984)
- Sumner, Daniel A., "Assessing the Effects of the WTO Agreement on Rice Markets: What Can We Learn from the First Five Years?", American Journal of Agricultural Economy, 82(3), pp.709~717 (2000)
- Turner, John E., "Villages Astir: Community Development, Tradition, and Change in Korea" (1993), Praeger
- Turner, Victor, "The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual" (1976), Cornell University Press
- Weismantel, Mary J., "Food, Gender, and Poverty in the Ecuadorian Andes" (1988), University of Pennsylvania Press
- Wells, Kenneth M., "South Korea’s Minjung Movement: The Culture and Politics of Dissidence" (1995), University of Hawaii Press
- Wilk, Richard R., "Economies and Cultures: Foundations of Economic Anthropology" (1996), Westview Press
