고령 근로자의 직무요구와 교육․기술 수준 적합도가 직무만족에 미치는 영향: 임금근로자와 자영업자를 중심으로
The Effect of Job Demand and Education/Skill-Job Matches on Job Satisfaction among Older Workers in S. Korea
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초록
고령화 사회의 도래와 더불어 고령자 고용과 관련한 연구들이 급속하게 진행되고 있는 가운데 고령 근로자의 주관적 직무만족에 대한 논의는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 고령화연구패널 2차 기본조사의 55세 이상 임금 근로자와 자영업자를 대상으로 직무요구도와 교육․기술수준 적합도가 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 탐색하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 직무요구도는 두 집단 모두에서 직무만족에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교육수준 적합도는 임금근로자 집단에서만 유의미한 반면, 기술수준 적합도는 두 집단 모두에서 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 연령, 경제수준, 주관적 건강은 두 집단 모두에서 유의미한 변인이었고, 성별은 임금 근로자 집단에서만 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 고령 근로자의 직무만족과 관련한 직무요구 및 교육․기술 수준 적합도의 중요성을 보여주었고, 나아가 취업형태별로 적합한 개별화된 정책 및 프로그램이 요구됨을 시사하고 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the predictors of job satisfaction among older workers in South Korea. An older worker sample (age 55+, n=1,974) was drawn from Wave Ⅱ of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging conducted in 2008. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was undertaken to assess the unique explanatory contribution of socio-demographics, job demand, and education/skill-job matches on job satisfaction. Two separate analyses were run to note differences among predictors between the salary and self-employed workers. There are three main findings: Job demand was a significant predictor of job satisfaction in both salary and self-employed groups; While over-education, under-education, and under-skill influence job satisfaction of the salary worker group, it was found that over-skill was a significant predictor of job satisfaction in the self-employed group; Age, household income, and health were significant predictors of job satisfaction for both groups while gender was significant only in the salary worker group.
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