Photoperiod Optimization in Controlled Environments: Interspecific Differences in Vegetative Growth and Photochemical Efficiency among Three Phedimus Species Native to Korea
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In this study, we investigated changes in vegetative growth and photochemical efficiency in three native Korean Phedimus species under four different photoperiods: 8, 10, 12, and 14 h·d-1. The longest photoperiod (14 h·d-1) simultaneously improved vegetative growth and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm and PIABS) in P. takesimensis, whereas P. latiovalifolium exhibited a pronounced enhancement in plant quality indices (compactness and Dickson quality index). In P. zokuriensis, root length and several stress indicators (Φ Do, ABS/RC, and DIo/RC) increased under the shortest photoperiod (8 h·d-1), suggesting that the optimization of organ-specific development (shoot vs. root growth) and the balance between photochemical efficiency and physiological stress should be considered together. In controlled environments, a species-tailored photoperiod strategy appears appropriate, aiming to maintain or improve Fv/Fm and PIABS while suppressing excessive increases in ABS/RC, DIo/RC, and Φ Do. As these findings were based on an evaluation of photoperiod as a single factor, further validation that includes the interactions between light quality, light intensity, and temperature is warranted. Overall, the results of this study provide insights into species-specific responses to photoperiod and outline strategies for differentiating cultivation settings among congeneric species.
Abstract
In this study, we investigated changes in vegetative growth and photochemical efficiency in three native Korean Phedimus species under four different photoperiods: 8, 10, 12, and 14 h·d-1. The longest photoperiod (14 h·d-1) simultaneously improved vegetative growth and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm and PIABS) in P. takesimensis, whereas P. latiovalifolium exhibited a pronounced enhancement in plant quality indices (compactness and Dickson quality index). In P. zokuriensis, root length and several stress indicators (Φ Do, ABS/RC, and DIo/RC) increased under the shortest photoperiod (8 h·d-1), suggesting that the optimization of organ-specific development (shoot vs. root growth) and the balance between photochemical efficiency and physiological stress should be considered together. In controlled environments, a species-tailored photoperiod strategy appears appropriate, aiming to maintain or improve Fv/Fm and PIABS while suppressing excessive increases in ABS/RC, DIo/RC, and Φ Do. As these findings were based on an evaluation of photoperiod as a single factor, further validation that includes the interactions between light quality, light intensity, and temperature is warranted. Overall, the results of this study provide insights into species-specific responses to photoperiod and outline strategies for differentiating cultivation settings among congeneric species.