‘국내청중’ 대(對) ‘국외청중’: 중국 인권문제에 대한 미중 외교 갈등과 전략
Domestic Audience Versus International Audience: The Sino-American Conflict over Human Rights
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초록
본 연구는 미중 인권분쟁의 전략적 측면을 조명하기 위하여 중국 내의 청중(domestic audience)과 국제사회의 청중(international audience) 모두가 인권분쟁의 주요한 관찰자라는 점에 주목한다. 구체적으로 미중 인권분쟁을 관찰하는 국내청중과 국외청중이 형성하는 중국정부의 서로 다른 두 가지 평판―분리독립운동 및 민주화 운동을 ‘단호하게 응징하는 평판(reputation for toughness)’과 ‘국제법 및 인권을 수호하려는 평판(reputation for human rights protection)’―이 갖는 상충관계(trade-off)하에서 미국과 중국은 각각 어떠한 전략을 취하는지 고찰해 본다. 서로 다른 두 평판 사이의 상충관계를 고려할 때 미국은 중국이 ‘인권 수호에 대한 평판’ 구축에 더욱 전념하는 대신 ‘단호함에 대한 평판’은 양보하기를 원한다. 반면에 중국은 ‘단호함에 대한 평판’과 ‘인권 수호에 대한 평판’이 갖는 상충관계에서 벗어나기 위하여 인권문제에 대하여 ‘탓하기 게임(blaming game)’ 전략을 추구한다.
Abstract
This paper deals with the tension between China’s different reputations in the context of human rights issues that are: 1) a reputation for toughness, and 2) a reputation for keeping human rights standards. Given that the Chinese government’s use of violence against civilians may signal its toughness more effectively to potential rebel groups, its reputation for toughness may influence potential rebel groups’ behaviors in China. However, such a reputation for toughness is inherently associated with China’s bad reputation in observing human rights norms. Given the tradeoff relationship between the two different reputations, the United States wants China to invest more heavily in improving its human rights records. From the point of view of China, it tries to avoid the trade-offs by playing a blame game with the United States on human rights issues.
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