신화교의 국내 이주와 정체성의 정치

Abstract

This study aims to understand how new overseas Chinese who have entered South Korean society after the normalization between South Korea and China in 1992 maintain their identity in the context of South Korean society different from China. New overseas Chinese refer to the Chinese people who emigrated and are living abroad after the reform and opening-up in the late 1970s. However, in South Korea this term is used to call the Chinese people who came to South Korea from the mainland China after 1992. They are distinguished from 'old overseas Chinese'(舊華僑 or 老華僑) who came to Korea from China before the establishment of the South Korean government (the Republic of Korea) and have acquired Taiwanese nationality. New overseas Chinese in South Korea are mostly composed of international marriage immigrant women, manufacturing workers such as industrial trainees and undocumented workers rather than professionals conceptualized in China. However, Korean Chinese in South Korea are also new oversea Chinese but attain a more favorable identity through the politics of homeland in South Korean society. On the other hand, not only entirely a new type of migration of new overseas Chinese is emerging in the Jeju Special Self-Governing Province but also their identity is different from the old overseas Chinese since 2006. They maintain a lifestyle of the upper class that is separate from the existing migrants investing large capital in the host country and concentrating on children's education and the acquisition of permanent residence. In this way, since the reform and opening, the new patterns of migration of new overseas Chinese are creating a new terrain of identity-border-order triad in the process of globalization.