한반도 내 THAAD 배치와 미국의 전략
U.S. strategy and Deployment of THAAD in South Korea
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고도미사일방어(THAAD)는 미국의 미사일방어 체계를 구성하는 한 부분으로서적의 탄도미사일을 종말 단계에서 요격하는 방어 수단 일체를 가리킨다. 최근 정부는한반도 내 THAAD 배치를 발표했고, 북한의 미사일 위협에 대한 적절한 수단으로강구된 것이라고 설명했다. THAAD와 같은 미국의 미사일방어 체계가 한국에 도입될때에는 주한미군과 한국을 위협하는 명백한 공격 요인이 새로이 발생했거나 기존의방어체계로는 미비한 위협 증가로 인해 보완해야 할 필요가 생겼음을 의미할 것이다. 더욱이 그동안 북한의 미사일 기술 증강으로 인한 위협이 증가되어 감에도 미국의MD에는 참여하지 않고 독자적인 미사일방어 체계(KMAD)를 구축하겠다는 입장을견지해 왔기 때문에, 한반도 내 THAAD 배치에 대해서는 보다 명확한 이유가 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 국가안보전략에 관한 주요 안보기관의 문건들을 통해 미국의 국가안보전략 내용을 살펴보고, 그 내용에 견주어 미국의 한반도 내 THAAD 배치의 전략과목적을 파악하고자 한다. 이에 논문은 2장에서 미 국방부가 2012년과 2014년에각각 발표한 <국방전략지침>(Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership)과 <4년 주기 국방검토보고서>(Quadrennial Defense Review 2014), 그리고 백악관이 2015년에 발간한<국가안보전략 보고서>(National Security Strategy)의 내용을 살펴보고, 미국의 국제적 안보 관심사가 아태지역으로 전환되었고, 아태지역에서 위협으로 인식하고 있는 것이 북한의 미사일 위협 증가와 중국의 군사력 증강, 그리고 미국의 주도적 지위 약화임을 파악했다. 그리고 3, 4, 5장에서는 한반도 내 THAAD 배치도 그러한 맥락에서 이해될 수 있음을 확인했다. 즉 미국은 한반도 내 THAAD를 배치함으로써 북한의 미사일 위협을 억지하고, 중국의 군사력 증강을 견제하며, 역내 동맹국 및 우호국들에 대한 안보 보장 공약을 재보장하는 효과를 기대하고 있는 것으로 이해될 수 있다. 그리고 6장에서는 미국의 한반도 내 THAAD 배치가 미국의 역내 영향력 유지를위한 수단으로 추진된 것임을 밝힌다.
Abstract
THAAD is designed to shoot down ballistic missiles at higher altitudes(at altitudes of 40 to 150㎞) in their terminal stages using a hit-to-kill methods. South Korean Government announced the decision on June 7 to place the THAAD system in the South to counter North Korea's nuclear and missile threats. South Korean Government and United States explained that the threat of North Korean aggression led the deployment of THAAD. However, South Korean government has persistently said that it has no intention to join the US MD system and wants to build up its own "Korea Air and Missile Defense"(KAMD) system to deal with evolving North Korean missile and nuclear threats. Thus, good, definite cause needs to convince the deployment of THAAD. This article tries to grasp the US strategy and purpose to deploy THAAD system in South Korea, according to the US national security strategy/policy. Thus this article examines the common contents of <Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership>, <Quadrennial Defense Review 2014>, and <National Security Strategy>(2015), drew the common contents that US converted the attention to Asia-Pacific area, perceived the strengthening of North Korea's missile and China's military and the weakening of US leadership position as the most fatal threat in Asia-Pacific area. And this article presents the deployment of THAAD is extension of the same contents. In other words, this article shows that US expects that the deployment of THAAD weakens North Korea's missile threat, restrains the growth of China's military and reassures the security commitment to the Alliance.
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