미국 지방정부의 이민정책과 그 함의: 캘리포니아와 샌프란시스코를 중심으로
Immigration Policies and Implications of State and Local Government in the U.S.: Focusing on California and San Francisco
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초록
이 연구의 목적은 미국을 사례로 주(state) 및 시 정부의 이민정책을 살펴보고, 그것이 한국 지방정부의 이민정책에 줄 수 있는 함의를 도출하는 데 있다. 미국은 이민의역사와 정책 환경이 한국과 상당히 다르지만, 이제 막 지역의 독자적인 이민정책을 고민하고 있는 한국이 충분히 참조할 만한 국가이다. 이 연구가 주목하고 있는 지역정부는 캘리포니아 주정부와 샌프란시스코시이다. 두 곳 모두 이민정책에 있어 미국 내에서 가장 진보적인 지역이다. 캘리포니아는 규제 중심의 연방정부 이민정책에 반발하여, 이민 우호적인 정책을 펼치고 있다. 캘리포니아에 있는 샌프란시스코는 이민자의 시민적 참여 정책을 살펴보기 위해 선택한 사례 도시이다. 두 사례를 통해 미국에서 지역 정부가 독자적인 이민정책을 수립, 실천할 수 있는 요인으로서 지방의 이민정책 수요 확대와 이민정책 환경 변화를 제시하였다. 마지막으로 미국 지방정부의 이민정책이 한국에 주는 함의로서, 이주민 통합이라는 목표 설정, 지자체의 역량 함양과 거버넌스 구축, 이주민의 시민적 참여 방안 마련, 피난처 정책, 자격증 인정 등을 제시하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine state and city immigration policies in the United States and derive implications for local immigration policies in Korea. Despite the distinct differences in the historical and policy contexts of immigration between the United States and Korea, this study is pertinent to Korea, which is at the nascent stage of considering its own local immigration policies. This study focuses on two local governments: the State of California and the City of San Francisco. Both are recognized as among the most progressive jurisdictions in the United States regarding immigration policy. California is a pro-immigrant state that has actively opposed the federal government's restrictive immigration policies. The City of San Francisco, situated in California, serves as the case study city for exploring immigrant civic engagement policies. These two cases exemplify local autonomy and the evolving landscape of immigration policy in the United States, highlighting the capacity of local governments to establish and implement their own immigration policies. The implications of U.S. local government immigration policies for Korea include setting the goal of immigrant integration, enhancing local capacity and governance, establishing measures for immigrant civic participation, implementing sanctuary policies, and recognizing foreign credentials.
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