조선후기 <몽금척(夢金尺)> 악장 및 정재의 전승 양상

Abstract

This paper examined the aspects of the court music and dance Monggeumcheok, which were composed in the early Joseon Dynasty, being handed down in various ways during the late Joseon Dynasty. In addition, the context in which such a pattern appeared was analyzed in connection with the issues of the time. King Yeongjo thought that the process of performance of the court music and dance should be adjusted flexibly considering the contents of the lyrics and the response of the audience, and applied this theory to Monggeumcheok. He tried to make the performance of Monggeumcheok more concisely by reducing the number of dancers by four, and he composed new lyrics himself to replace existing ones. Furthermore, he proposed a way to perform together with different works Monggeumcheok and Hahwangeun. That is, King Youngjo considered the auspiciousness expressed in Monggeumcheok as a key indicator of the signs of the founding, and expressed the contents in a short and impressive manner, while adding Hahwangeun to its back part to show that the glory of the founding was maintained until his own time. However, in the era of King Jeongjo, the method of Monggeumcheok performance was restored again to the old one. This was due to the concern that the procedures of the performances formalized by the ancestor Kings should not be overly changed. Nevertheless, the traces of the reorganization that King Yeongjo attempted are found at some points even in such a retro tendency. First of all, the lyrics written by King Yeongjo were used as the preface of the performance in the era of King Jeongjo. Since King Yeongjo’s lyrics should not be omitted at all, they were appropriately used in a way that did not give a big burden to the whole performance. Second, the previous regulation that was set to repeat some of the lyrics were abolished and the method was simplified so that the dancers only sang the lyrics once. King Yeongjo wanted to perform Monggeumcheok in a speedy manner, and such hope was realized in a somewhat different way in the era of King Jeongjo. The performance method of the King Jeongjo’s period, which had both sides of succession and transformation, continued to be maintained until the age of King Gojong. Most of the discussions on Monggeumcheok in the late Joseon Dynasty are about court performances, but there are also cases that sought to promote the meaning of Monggeumcheok widely. For example, King Yeongjo mentioned the contents of Monggeumcheok to remind Prince Jeongjo of the king’s responsibility. For this reason, the contents of Monggeumcheok were repeatedly treated importantly by King Jeongjo. He presented ‘Gold Ruler(Geumcheok)’ as the title at the royal writing contest held to celebrate King Taejo’s birthday, and Yi Yonghyu, a literary man of the time, highlighted the aspect of the auspiciousness of Monggeumcheok that is linked to King Taejo’s virtue by composing the Anthem of Monggeumcheok. King Sunjo also succeeded King Jeongjo’s method, which encouraged his servants to write on Monggumcheok, and King Gojong named the highest medal of the Korean Empire as ‘Geumcheok’. On the other hand, by the 19th century, there were cases where the story of Monggeumcheok was spread in connection with the local base. According to the testimony of Jeong Dojeon, the anecdote of Monggeumcheok occurred about 10 years before the founding of the Joseon Dynasty, and the biggest event of the time was the Hwangsan Battle near Jirisan Mountain. The case of linking Monggeumcheok with the Hwangsan Battle can be found in Yu Hoin’s The Song of Hwangsan in the era of King Seongjong, but by the late 19th century, in Jin-an, Jeolla Province, a tale, which says that the background of Monggumcheok is Maisan Mountain in Jin-an, was widely spread. Before and after the declaration of the Korean Empire, King Gojong showed enthusiasm for exploring and authorizing the historical sites of royal ancestors scattered throughout the country. It is presumed that the movements of Jin-an area to link Monggumcheok and Maisan Mountain through the medium of the Hwangsan Battle were also occurred in this era atmosphere.